V-ed作定语和表语

B. to be written
D. written
3. With everything she needed _____, the lady went home happily . A bought B to be bought C buying D being bought 4. The Olympic Games , _________in 776BC , did not include women players until 1912. A first playing B to be first played C first played D to be first playing
① 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成
fallen leaves 落叶
returned students 归国留学生
newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
② 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。 (与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系)
the cold boiled water 冷开水 a developed country
A. dressing
C. dressed
B. dressed herself
D. is dressing
7. I couldn’t understand the language _______ in that country. A. to speak
C. to be spoken
B. speaking
过去分词作表语 She looked worried. I am interested in the book.
He was lost in thought.
The door remained locked.
be动词和系动词
1、be 动词 2、表示变化的动词:become, get, turn, go, grow等 3、感官动词:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 4、还有seem, appear, stay, keep, remain, turn out等
D. spoken
8. The ground is _____ with ______ leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen
D. covering, fallen
过去分词作定语，表示分词的动作已 经完成； 现在分词的被动语态 作定语，表示分词的被动动作正在发 生；动词不定式的被动语态作 定语表示动词不定式的被动动作将要 发生。
被邀请参加晚会的客人大部分是她的同学 Most of the guests invited to the party were her classmates. 你听到正在行驶的火车发出的噪音了吗？ Did you hear the noise being made by the running train? 今年年底完工的大楼将是我们的新教学楼。 The building to be finished at the end of this year will be our new teaching building.
过去分词作定语与它修饰的名词在逻辑上 有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或已完成 现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在 着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动 和进行。 动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰名词的用 途，其间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
---What is the hen’s full-time job? ---Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job.
过去分词作定语 a.过去分词作定语 ，具有形容词的性质 。 一般说来 ： 单个过去分词或adv.-p.p作前置定语 : He is a respected leader. a recently-built house home-grown vegetables man-made fibers 过去分词短语作后置定语 : Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
b.作定语时可用定语从句代替 He is a respected leader.
who is respected = He is a leader__________________.
Young people brought up in the new society can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
This lake is badly polluted . (系表结构) This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill . ( 被动结构)
系表结构表示主语所处 的状态 , 被动语态则表示主语所承受的动作.
1. As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends A. separated
Review some basic rules for v-ing
a reading room= a room for reading
小结： 1.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是 单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果 是短语，就放在被修饰的名词之后。 2. 动名词作定语表示性质或用途。
What about P.P?
1 构成: v +ed 或不规则的变化动词 Page 104-106 2 过去分词本身的含义: 被动 或完成 a broken heart a lost dog a ploughed field a risen sun a grown-up daughter an escaped prisoner a retired general faded colors
※与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系
①过去分词的一般式(已经完成的) The patient operated on will soon be allowed to go home. ②不定式的被动式(即将发生的) The patient to be operated on is Mr. Smith. ③-ing 的被动式(正在进行的)being done The patient being operated on is Mr. Smith. The patient having been operated on is Mr. Smith.(×) → The patient operated on is Mr. Smith.(√)
玻璃破了。 The glass is broken. 玻璃是杰克打破的。 The glass was broken by Jack.
用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱， 主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相 当于一个形容词。 而被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很 强，句子主语是动作的承受者，后常 跟by短语。
What about P.P?
那消息令人失望。 The news was disappointed. 这故事令人兴奋，你阅读时会感到兴奋的。 The story is exciting, you are excited when you read it. 他们5年前结的婚。 They got married five years ago.
5. The matter ______at the next meeting is very important . A discussed B being discussed C to be discussed D be discussed
6. The girl _____ in red is my second daughter.
现在分词 小结： 作表语 The play is exciting. 动名词 ≠ Exciting is My job is teaching. the play. = Teaching is my job.
她看上去忧心忡忡。 She looks worried.
过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。 此时其被动意味很弱，相当于一个形容词。 常用来作表语的过去分词有：interested, excited, disappointed, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, upset, married, frightened等。
who were brought = Yong people _________________
up in the new society _____________________can’t imagine the bitter life in the old days.
1. Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices . A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
2. The first text books ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century .
A. Having written
C. being written
C. lost
B. spared
D. missed
2. Cleaning women in the big cities get _____ by the hour . A. pay C. paid B. paying D. to pay
过去分词的基本特点 ： 1.从语态上讲 ：过去分词一般表被动 。
Unit 1 Grammar
The Past Participle used as Attribute and Predicative
A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed and then
prepares questions.
有的已成为固定搭配 ：
be covered with 被……覆盖
be lost in thought
be caught in the rain be separated from
陷入沉思
被雨淋 从……分离 对…感兴趣 专心致志于…
be interested in
be absorbed in
系表结构和被动结构
What’s more?
烟草的问题是它含有一种被称为尼古丁的药。 The problem with tobacco is that it contains a drug called nicotine. 卡森夫人把她熟睡的孩子放在大树下的摇篮里。 Mrs Cousins put her sleeping baby in the basket under the tree. 你能告诉我更衣室在哪里吗？ Can you tell me where the changing room is?
2.从时态上讲 ：过去分词表示已经完成 的动作 ；
Tell the difference
• 过去分词做表语，多表示主语所处的心理状态， 主语往往是人，常译成“感到……的”； 现 在分词作表语，往往表示主语所具有的特征， 主语一般是物，常译成“令/使人……的”。
Pay attention to ...