第一讲 定语从句教师版 (7份)

第一讲定语从句

I. 关系代词引导的定语从句。

1.在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有who，that，which。其中，who用于指人，which 用于指物，that既可以指人又可以指物。

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a police man.

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of the words.

English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.

An architect is a person who/that designs houses and buildings.

2. 在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who，whom，which，that。其中who，whom，用于指人，which用于指物，that既可以指人又可以指物。

There are some people (whom/who) we like and others (whom/who) we dislike. Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. The suit (which/that) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.

3.在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有whose或the+n+of+which/whom

This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.

He lives in the room whose door is green.=He lives in the room the door of which is green.

4.介词如果在定语从句的句首时，作宾语的关系代词只能用whom或which，且不能省略。The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department.

This is the book to which I referred in my talk.

*这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。

The situation (which) we had got into was very dangerous.

The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.

5.其他关系代词

as 和but

1）as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可以与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中的谓语动词常常省略。

we jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.

We do the same work as they (do).

He is not the same man as he was.

*一些固定说法：as is known to all; as has been said before; as is often the case; as maybe imagines; as has been pointed out; as often happens

2)but 作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意义的主句连用，相当于that…not, who…not或which…not.

There is not single student in my class but would like to study more.

There are very few but are against war.

II.关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有when，where，或why等。When，where，why分别在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于“介词+which”。

1.关系副词when

From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.

He came last night when I was out.

2.关系副词where

The place where I met her was railway situation.

I recently went back to the town where I was born.

3.关系副词why

I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.

III.限制性和非限制性定语从句

1.限制性定语从句（限制性定语从句不能省掉，否则句子就不完整或失去意义。）

This is the boy who broke the window.

I have a book which teaches English grammar.

2.非限制性定语从句。（只是作一些附加说明，不起限制性作用，这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。）

I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.

New Concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to us all.

IV.关系代词和关系副词的选用

1.只用which不用that的情况

1)引导非限制性定语从句时

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.

2)当关系代词前有介词时

The room in which my family live used to be a garage.

3)当先行词本身为that时

That which you told him about is what we want to know.

***关系词在定语从句中有三大作用

①连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

I gave her all the money that I had.

②替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

The man who lives next door is a famous teacher.

③成分作用——在定语从句作主语、宾语、定语或状语。