外交学概论
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外交学是国际政治学的一门分支学科,是以 主权国家对外行使主权的外交行为为主要研 究对象的。本课程教授的主要内容和问题包 括:外交的本质与外交学研究的对象,外交 的起源和演变、外交的目的及作用、主要的 外交思想,外交的基本准则和行为规范,外 交与国家利益的关系、外交机制与外交决策 、外交的形式与内容,以及当代外交发展的 趋势和国际关系中新问题对外交行为、规范 、思想的影响和挑战等。该课程旨在通过对 以上诸问题学习,使学生比较全面地掌握外 交学的基本知识和理论,把握外交作为国家 等国际关系行为体行为的政治本质。
G.R. Berridge says: “Diplomacy is an essentially political activity and, well resourced and skilful, a major ingredient of power. Its chief purpose is to enable states to secure the objectives of their foreign policies without resort to force, propaganda, or law. It follows that diplomacy consists of communication between officials designed to promote foreign policy either by formal agreement or tacit adjustment.” (Geoff R. Berridge, Diplomacy: theory and practice, p.1)
Diplomacy is letting someone else have your way (Lester B. Pearson, 1965)
In diplomacy, as in the dance, a good performance calls for sureness of footing (Robert J. Moor, 1985)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้本教材
鲁毅等编:《外交学概论》,世界知识出版 社1997年版。D80/39.1 闭、教、G
Pauline Kerr and Geoffrey Wiseman, Diplomacy in A Globalizing World: Theory and Practices, (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013)
Diplomacy is the expression of national strength in terms of gentlemanly discourse ( Robert McClintock, 1964)
If politics is the art of the possible diplomacy is the art of taking the possible beyond its local dimensions (Robert Moore, 1985)
维辛斯基《外交词典》:“外交是各国首脑、政府和 专门的涉外机构所进行的正式活动,旨在通过谈判、 文书往来和其他手段来实行由统治阶级利益所决定的 国家对外政策方面的目标和任务以及捍卫该国在国外 的权利和利益。”
Andrei Gromyko: “Diplomacy is the pursuit of official activities by heads, governments and diplomatic organs of different countries with a view to achieving aims and tasks with regard to state foreign policy determined by the interests of the ruling classes as well as to protecting their overseas rights and interests, by means of negotiation, written communications and others.”
期终成绩
(1)平时准时上课(10); (2) 期中考试30%,(选择推荐参考书的前11本中
的一本撰写读书报告,或就授课所涉及的问题撰写 论文,课堂上讲提出更详细的要求)
(3) 期末考试60% (闭卷2015年1月12日)
五、推荐教材或参考书/参考资料(见教 学大纲)
什么是外交? 外交就是检阅仪仗队?阅兵?
这段话被翻译为:“外交涉及处理国 家之间和国家与其他行为者之间的关 系。从一个国家的角度来看,外交的 作用是提出、制定和执行外交政策。 外交本身是国家通过正式和非正式的 代表以及其他行为者,运用通信、个 别的会谈、交换观点、说服、访问、 威胁和其他相关的行动来阐明、协调 和维护特殊的和更广泛的利益的手 段。”( [英]R. P. 巴斯顿著:《现 代外交》,第1页。 )
外交学概论 第一讲:导言
教学大纲和教学要求
授课时间:周一,第10-12节;授课地点:理 教203
考试时间:2015年1月12日 授课教师:张清敏;助教:孙天旭,王姝奇 授课教师办公地点:国关B-212 联系方式:62755971,
zhangqingmin@pku.edu.cn 公共邮箱:beidawaijiaozhang@163.com 学分:3
萨道义(Satow)认为:“运用智力和机 智处理各独立国家的政府之间的官方关系, 有时也推广到独立国家与附庸国之间的关 系,或者简单地说,是指用和平手段来调 节和处理国与国之间的关系。”
《韦伯斯特词典》:The arts of conducting international negotiation. “驾御国际谈判的艺术”
Diplomacy lies in remembering to celebrate a women’s birthday while forgetting to note her age (Proverb)
All diplomacy is continuation of war by other means ( 1954)
外交是开会国际会议?
外交是国际会议:
外交是发表国际演讲?
外交是握手拥抱?
外交是见媒体?
外交是请客吃饭?
外交是领导人的事
一、外交的概念(Definition of
diplomacy )
Diplomacy is the art of lubricating the wheels of international relations (Sisley Huddlestom 1954)
10.当代外交的主要形式(6学时) 11.国际会议、国际组织和国际条约 12.外交交涉与外交谈判(3学时) 13.外交业务与外交技术(3学时) 14.面向21世纪的外交与中国(3学时)
四、教学方式、要求和考试成绩:
讲授为主,课堂讨论为辅
授课要求:(1)按时上课;(2)提前和认真阅读 每节课规定的材料;(3)积极参与课上提问和讨 论;(4)参加期中和期末考试。
尼科松转引《牛津英语词典》的解释说:“外 交就是用谈判的方式来处理国际关系;是大使 和使节用来调整和处理国际关系的方法;是外 交官的业务或技术。” ([英]哈罗德·尼科松 著:《外交学》,第23—24页。)
R. P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy: “Diplomacy is concerned with the management of relations between states and between states and other actors. From a state perspective diplomacy is concerned with advising, shaping and implementing foreign policy. As such it is the means by which states through their formal and other representatives, as well as other actors, articulate, coordinate and secure particular or wider interests, using correspondence, private talks, exchanges of view, lobbying, visits, threats and other related activities.”( R. P. Barston, Modern Diplomacy, p.1. )
Sir Harold Nicolson quoted the Oxford English Dictionary as saying: “Diplomacy is the management of international relations by negotiation; the method by which these relations are adjusted by ambassadors and envoys; the business or art of the diplomatist.” (Harold Nicolson, Diplomacy, Oxford University Press, 1950, p.15.)
教学安排
1. 外交学:概念、研究对象及教学内容 2. 外交的起源与发展 3. 外交思想. 4. 当代外交的基本准则、行为规范和惯例 5. 外交特权与豁免 6. 外交与国家利益
7. 外交机构的组成与职责(3学时)
8. 影响国家外交的因素(外交资源与资 源外交)
9. 外交决策(3学时)
Diplomacy is a first class stall seat at the theater of life ( Bernard Von Bulow,)
Sir Ernest Satow says, “Diplomacy is the application of intelligence and tact to the conduct of relations between the governments of independent states, extending sometimes also to their relations with vassal states; or, more briefly still, the conduct of adjustment and management of interstate relations. A guide to Diplomatic Practice, 4th edition, London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, p.1)
Diplomacy is to say the nastiest thing in the nicest way (Proverb)
Diplomacy is “the science or art of negotiation” (Charles de Martens, 1866)
Diplomacy is the peaceable coercion to promote the interests of the state and the nation.