基因治疗ppt

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一、基因治疗( Gene therapy )概念
狭义概念 将具有正常功能的基因置换或增补患者体内 有缺陷的基因,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。
广义概念 将某种遗传物质转移到患者细胞内,使其在 体内发挥作用,最终达到治疗疾病的目的。
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Key Lab of Labห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ratory Medicine, Ministry of Education
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Key Lab of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education
第一节 基因治疗的概念及其策略
基因治疗的必备条件:
1. 分子缺陷清楚 2. 可以得到相应基因的克隆 3. 病理生理机制已知 4. 有利的风险-利益比 5. 治疗基因可以被调控 6. 合适的靶细胞 7. 有效安全 8. 相关法规健全
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Key Lab of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education
第一节 基因治疗的概念及其策略
二、基因治疗的总体策略
针对致病基因而言
(1)基因矫正(gene correction) 对于致病基因中的异常碱基进行精确修复,使其恢复正常功能;
(2)基因置换(gene replacement) 用正常基因在原位替换致病基因,使细胞DNA完全恢复正常状态;
(3)基因增补(gene augmentation) 将正常基因导入患者体细胞内,使其整合到染色体中一起表达,以补偿缺陷基因
的功能 ,但致病基因未去除; (4)基因表达调节(modulation )
指将特定的反义核酸、RNA干扰或核酶等技术抑制目的基因表达从而消除致病基 因的作用。
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Key Lab of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education
第一节 基因治疗的概念及其策略
二、基因治疗的总体策略
针对非致病基因而言
(1)自杀基因 这种基因导入受体细胞后可产生一种酶,它可将原无细胞毒性或低毒药
物前体转化为细胞毒物质,将细胞受体细胞杀死,这种基因被称为“自杀基 因”。自杀基因导入肿瘤细胞后,可将肿瘤细胞杀死。但对正常细胞则无伤 害作用。 (2)免疫基因治疗
基因治疗
Gene therapy
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Key Lab of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education
Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease. It derives its name from the idea that DNA can be used to supplement or alter genes within an individual's cells as a therapy to treat disease.
第一节 基因治疗的概念及其策略
二、基因治疗的总体策略
Germ line gene therapy
In the case of germ line gene therapy, Germ cells, i.e., sperm or eggs, are modified by the introduction of functional genes, which are integrated into their genomes. Therefore, the change due to therapy would be heritable and would be passed on to later generations. This new approach, theoretically, should be highly effective in counteracting genetic disorders and hereditary diseases. However, many jurisdictions prohibit this for application in human beings, at least for the present, for a variety of technical and ethical reasons.
将某些细胞因子(IL-2、GM-CSF等)基因导入肿瘤患者体内,以增强患 者的抵抗力。 (3)耐药基因治疗
在肿瘤化疗过程中, 把产生抗药物毒性的基因导入患者体内,从而使患 者能耐受更大剂量的化疗。
(4)More……
Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Key Lab of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education
Somatic gene therapy
In the case of somatic gene therapy, the therapeutic genes are transferred into the somatic cells of a patient. Any modifications and effects will be restricted to the individual patient only, and will not be inherited by the patient's offspring or later generations.
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