形容词和副词教案
形容词和副词
概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常可将形容词分成性质形容
词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。
2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid，asleep, awake，alone等。
形容词的用法和在句中的位置：
1、形容词在句中主要可用作：
1）定语：
What a fine day! She is a good student, and she works hard.
2）表语：
She looks happy. This bike is expensive.
3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）：
Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？
4）状语：
He arrived home, hungry and tired.他又饿又累的回到家里。
在句中的位置
[1]形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。
英语单词中something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时，形容词放在不定代词后面。
I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。
Is there anything interesting in the film? 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？
由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。
This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。
用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
每一个人，男女老少，都应该参加会议。
You can take any box away, big or small.
这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。
排序：在英语学习中，很多时候是多个形容词修饰一个名词，这些形容词之间的先后顺序如何记忆有方法如下：
评述性词。如beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，horrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。
表大小、形状的词。如long，short，round，square等。
表新旧的词。如new，old等。
表颜色的词。如red，black，purple，brown，yellow等。
表产地的词。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese
表材料的词。如leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。
按此顺序，"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克"的英语为"
A beautiful new black Italian leather jacket.
口诀法："美小圆旧黄，法国木书房”
注：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“法国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。
two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服。
that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩。
an old large brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。
副词的用法：
（一）概念：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词。例如：not（不），here（这里），now（现在）。不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类。如：
Have you read this book before? (副词，作时间状语) 你以前读过这本书吗？
He will arrive before ten o’clock. （介词，before ten o’clock 是介词短语，作时间状语）他将在10点钟前到达。
（二）副词的种类
1. 时间副词: now 现在；then 那时；just now 刚才；right now 立刻；now and then 不时；recently 最近；today 今天；tomorrow 明天；soon 很快；ago 以前；before 在....之前；already 已经；finally 最终；since 自从；yet 已经
2. 频度副词：always 总是, often 经常, usually 通常, sometimes有时, seldom 很少；never 从未, hardly 几乎不。一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前:
She often changes her mind.
Lucy seldom comes to see me these days.
Mary is always late for school.
3. 地点副词：abroad 在国外；ahead 在前，向前；away 离开；back 向后，后退地；down 向下，在下面；downstairs 在楼下；downtown 在城市的商业区；eastward(s) 向东；anywhere 任何地方；everywhere 各地；out 在外，向外；over 在上方；outdoors 在户外；there那里；here 这里；home 在家.....
She is studying abroad.
Please come here.
4、方式副词
1）英语中有大量方式副词，说明行为方式（回答how的问题）：
How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳的真美。
2）还有相当多的副词，表示某些情绪：
She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：slowly, politely, carelessly, fast, well, close 近；closely 仔细地，密切地；high 高；highly 高度地，非常等。
He left the town secretly.
5、程度副词和强调副词
1）程度副词可修饰动词，表示“到某种程度”：Is she badly hurt? 她伤得重吗？
[说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外，还可修饰形容词（a）或另一副词(b):
a. fairly simple 相当简单quite correct 完全正确
b. wonderfully well 好极了do it very quickly 干得很快
2）much 是一个特殊的程度副词，它可以：
a. 修饰形容词等：
I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。
b. 修饰比较级：
You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。
Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。
6. 疑问副词和连接副词
1）疑问副词：疑问副词用来引导特殊问句：
how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗？
where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人？
when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来？
why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚？
2）连接副词：连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样，但都引导从句或与不定式连用：how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗？
where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。（引导宾语从句）
whe n: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。（引导宾语从句）
why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。（引导表语从句）
7. 一些其它类型的副词：luckily 幸运地；unluckily 不幸地；generally 大体上；strictly 严格地；probably 可能；anyway 无论如何
（三）副词的位置
1. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。如：
Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) 通常我晚上做家庭作业。
I often get up at six. (句中) 我常在6点起床。
Please speak slowly. (句末) 请慢慢说。
2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如：
He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。
▲ 但也有例外，如：She is old enough to go to school. （在形容词后）她已到了上学的年龄。
3. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。如：
We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon.
He watched TV at home last night.
[说明] 形容词一般修饰名词，副词一般修饰动词、形容词或副词。
形容词变副词规律小结
（一）用所给词的正确形式填空
1. The Greens are _____ (happy) to live in this _____(noise) street. They have
decided to move to another place.
2. The panda has been ______ (die) for about two months.
3. I like her dress. It looks very ______ (beauty).
4. Don’t feel ______ (worry) about your child. The whole class would
be ______ (friend) to the new classmate.
5. The ______ (finally) exams usually take place at the end of June.
6. It’s _____ (possible) for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.
7. It’s a _____ (please) trip for all of us.
8. The children in China are living a _____ (color) life.
9. It was an _____ (amaze) match. It amazed us.
10.He felt very _____ (sleep) and fell ____ (sleep) soon when he lay in bed.
11.We all had a very _____ (enjoy) time at the party.
（二）选择最佳答案
( )1. These oranges taste_______.
A. good
B. well
C. to be good
D. to be well
( )2. I can’t pay ________ as he a sked for.
A. a as high price
B.as a high price
C.as high price
D.as high a price
( )3. — We are going to see a film this evening . Why not go with us ?
—I have to do many things this evening . I’m _______ , you see .
A. free
B. glad
C. sorry
D. busy
( )4. —Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
—OK. Let’s give him ___ to eat.
A. something different
B. different anything
C. anything different
D. different something
( )5.The ____ person is talking with the doctor.
A.ill
B. sick
C. illness
D. sickness
( ) 6. The day is bright and _______ . Let’s go for a walk .
A. sunny
B. dark
C. cloudy
D. windy
( ) 7. Look ! _______ beautiful that lake is !
A. What
B. How
C. How a
D. What a
( ) 8. ---I won't go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
--- I won't, ______.
A. neither
B. either
C. too
D. also
( ) 9. He likes to do some reading in the morning, I like it, _____.
A. too
B. either
C. neither
D. also
( ) 10.That maths problem is ______ difficult ______ nobody can work it out.
A. too; to
B. very; that
C. so; that
D. very; but
( ) 11. —What’s on the desk?
—It’s ____ .
A. a new green bag
B. new green bag
C. a green mew bag
D. a bag new green
( ) 12. The night was very ___, so he had to take off his shoes ___.
A. quiet; quietly
B. quite; quickly
C. late; quick
D. quite; quietly
( ) 13. He____ to school to clean his classroom.
A. always comes early
B. comes always early
C. always early comes
D. come always earlier
( ) 14. I got up____today.
A. later
B. more lately
C. lately
D. late
( ) 15. Alice___goes to school at seven.
A. usual
B. usually
C. hard
D. a little
形容词的比较等级：
（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的构成1
2．
原级比较级最高级
useful more useful most useful
difficult more difficult most difficult
delicious more delicious most delicious
3．有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
old older oldest
（二）形容词比较级的用法
1．形容词的比较级可以单独使用：
Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。
Which book is better? 哪本书更好？
2．也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：
He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。
Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。
I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。
（三）形容词比较级的修饰语
1．形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语：He’s feeling much better today. 他感到今天好多了。
2．也可在比较级前any, no, some, even, still这类词：
Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？
3．比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：
My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。
【难点】
（四）形容词比较级的特殊用法
1．和more有关的词组：
1) the +比较级，the +比较级…越……就越……。例如：
The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，进步越大。
2) 比较级+and +比较级越来越.....
He ran faster and faster.
3）more than超过，不只是。例如：
There are more than two thousand people in the hall.
2．和less有关的词组
1) less than 不到… 不太：
It was ready in less than a week.
2) no less than 多达 ; 不少于
No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了2百万人。
3) more or less 基本上; 大体上 ; 大约
The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。
3．还有as + 形容词或副词原级+ as
1) not …so/as…as。例如：
He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
2) 当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：
①as +形容词+ a +单数名词/；
②as + many/much +名词。例如：
This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。
3) 表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。
(1)A is three (或four, etc.) times the size (或height, length, width, etc.) of B.
(2)A is three (或four, etc.) as big (或high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
(3)A is three (或four, etc.) times bigger(或higher, longer, wider,etc.) than B.
Your school is four times the size of ours.
Your school is four times as big as ours.
Your school is four times bigger than ours.
This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。
Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。
（五）形容词最高级用法
1．the + 最高级+ 比较范围
1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，例如：
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
[说明] 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。例如：
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。
2）下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。
◎注意：序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：
Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。
3）最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者：
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
（六）形容词最高级的特殊用法
1. 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。
例句：I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。
2.形容词最高级还可和at 构成许多短语作状语，如at best, at least, at most等。
例句：I’ll be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。
【基础练习】
( ) 1 Your room is _______ than mine.
A. three time big
B. three times big
C. three times bigger
D. bigger three times
( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_______.
A. warm and warm
B. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmer
D. shorter and shorter
( )3 ______ he read the book, _______ he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting
B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested
D. More; more interested
( )4 I like______ one of the two books.
A. the older
B. oldest
C. the oldest
D. older
( ) 5 Which do you like _______, tea or coffee?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. most
( ) 6 This work is _______ for me than for you.
A. difficult
B. most difficult
C. much difficult
D. more difficult
( ) 7 Who jumped_______of all?
A. far
B. farther
C. farthest
D. the most far
( ) 8 Li Lei is_______ student in our class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
( ) 9 Tom is one of _______ boys in our class.
A. tallest
B. taller
C. the tallest B. the tall
( ) 10 English is one of_______ spoken in the world.
A. the important languages
B. the most important languages
C. most important language
D. the most important language
( )11. Most of the woods _______ been taken good care of.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
( )12 I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough
B. enough tall
C. health enough
D. strong enough
( )13 Which is_______, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
A. strong
B. strongest
C. stronger
D. the strongest
( )14 Do you have _______ to tell us?
A. something new
B. new something
C. anything new
D. new anything
( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich
B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer
D. rich and rich
副词的比较等级：
（一）概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more 或most.。
不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。
1
2
1、单独使用：
Try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。
He’ll come back sooner or later.他迟早会回来的。
Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。
2、和than一起使用：
He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。
Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？
He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平时早。
3、比较级前可有状语修饰：
You must work much faster. 你必须大大加快干活的速度。
Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快点来吗？
4. as…as和not so…as结构
这两个结构也可结合副词使用：
1）as…as 可用在肯定句中，表示“像…一样”，后面的副词要用原级：
She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一样快。
2）在否定句中，as…as和so…as都可以用：
I don’t go there as much as I used. 我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。
I didn’t do as(so) well as I should.我做的不如我应做的那么好。
3）这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语：
She can read twice as fast as he does. 她阅读的速度比他快一倍。
（三）副词最高级的用法：副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词the: He laughs best who laughs last. (谚语) 谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。
Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。
（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法：副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。
1）more and more 越来越…:
It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大了。
She went farther and farther away. 她越走越远了。
2）the more…the more 越…，越…：
The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。
3）had better 最好：
We’d better not disturb him. 我们最好不要打扰他。
What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办？
A卷
选择填空：
1.Peter looked ___ when he learned that he hadn’t passed the final exam.
A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy
2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even ___.
A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badly
3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so ___!
A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty
4.The car stopped so ___ that the bus behind almost ran into it.
A, closely B, immediately C, suddenly D, soon
5.We must finish cleaning the office ___.
A, as soon as possible B, as quickly as soon
C, as possible as soon D, as soon as possibly
6.What she said this time sounds ___.
A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly
7.I didn’t work ___ my brother when I was young.
A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, hardly
8.I’m going to move ___. It’s too noisy in our neighbourhood.
A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere
https://www.360docs.net/doc/b68590781.html,st year, 15 typhoons (台风) hit China and Khanun was ___.
A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest
10.It’s a good habit to keep the classroom ___ all the time.
A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean
11.When class was over, our maths teacher came into the classroom and said, “Please stay at your seat. I have got ___ to announce.”
A, nothing important B, important something
C, important nothing D, something important
12.In the exam, the ___ you are, the ___ mistakes you’ll make.
A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, few D, more careful, fewer
13.What is ___ joke you have ever heard?
A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest
14.This kind of material feels ___ silk.
A, differently from B, the same to C, different as D, different from
15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were ___ among the five Olympic mascots (吉祥物).
A, popular B, more popular C, most popular D, the most popular
16.A: Is there ___ in today’s newspaper?
B: Yes. Shenzhou VI has been sent up into space successfully.
A, nothing new B, anything new C, new nothing D, new anything
17.Visitors in the orchard can eat as ___ fruit as they want.
A, many B, more C, much D, most
18.All of us were very ___ when we heard the ___ news.
A, excited, exciting B, excited, excited C, exciting, exciting D, exciting, excited
19.Eddie, my best friend ___ Ben.
A, is as high as B, works as careful as
C, doesn’t sing as beautifully as D, writes more better than
20.Tom never does his homework ___ Alice. So he makes more mistakes.
A, as carefully as B, so careful as C, less carefully than D, more careful than
21.Water pollution is one of ___ in our country.
A, serious problem B, the more serious problems
C, most serious problems D, the most serious problems
22.The pizza was too small, so she decided to look for ___ to eat.
A, large something B, something else C, something other D, other something
23.We are too tired and hungry. So our steps are getting ___.
A, slow and slower B, slower and slowest
C, slower and slower D, more and more slowly
24.Most children in our kindergarten like to play with Barbie girls. They look so ___.
A, nicely B, happily C, beautifully D, lovely
25.In winter, Chinese students like to kick the Jianzi (毽子) to keep themselves ___.
A, warm B, warmly C, cold D, coldly
26.In order to keep healthy, you should eat ___ fast food, ___ fresh vegetables and take enough excises.
A, fewer, fewer B, fewer, more C, less, more D, less, fewer
27.Don’t worry, My sister is ___ to take care of little Betty.
A, enough carefully B, enough careful C, carefully enough D, careful enough
28.Of all the students in our class, Jack is ___.
A, taller B, tallest C, the tallest D, very tall
29.In order to get full marks, Tim always does his lessons very ___.
A, more carefully B, most carefully C, much carefully D, carefully
30.A: Is there ___ in today’s newspaper?
B: Yes. It says that President Hu Jintao has reached Washington.
A, anything important B, any important thing
C, important anything D, any thing important
词性变换：
1.I don’t like him and it would be ______________ of me to do the opposite. (honest)
2.Our holidays in Thailand were really ______________ and unforgettable. (enjoy)
3.The government is doing everything possible to help those ______________ people after the earthquake. (home)
4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard ______________. (clear)
5.The war made millions of people ______________. (home)
6.What is the most ______________ animal in the forest? (power)
7.It is ______________ to travel by train than by air. (cheap)
8.It is ______________ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible)
9._________, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. (sad)
10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining ______________ outside. (heavy)
11.Jack is such a ______________ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)
12.It is not ______________ to eat food with Sudan I (苏丹红1号). (safely)
13.Lily is ______________ enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck)
14.We’d better drive our cars ______________ on rainy days. (slow)
15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something ______________ at once. (usual)
初中形容词副词详细讲解及 训练
一、形容词的用法： （一）概念：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，通常将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一 定都放在名词前面。 1. 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词。 2. 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词，这类形容词大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid， asleep, awake，alone等。 （二）形容词的种类 1. 品质形容词：英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品 质，如： The play was boring. 那出戏很枯燥乏味。 You have an honest face. 你有一张诚实的脸。 2. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如： She had on a blue coat. 她穿了一件蓝色的外套。 3. -ing 形容词：有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如： 4. –ed形容词：它们是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义，多数为品质形容词，如： She looked tired. 5. 合成形容词： warm-hearted 热心的， heart-breaking 令人心碎的 （三）形容词的用法和在句中的位置 1、形容词在句中主要可用作： 1）定语： What a fine day! 2）表语： She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）： Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？ 4）状语： He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。 2、形容词在句中的位置：有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置形容词。2）当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, something, anything, nothing 等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：
形容词与副词专题精讲精练
（一）形容词基本用法 1、了解形容词 主要用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 Be careful about what you say. 说话要小心。 The sunset was a beautiful sight. 日落是一种美丽的景象。 I find it easy to get on with him. 我发现和他相处很容易。 2、形容词常用句型（重点） 1. “It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 It’s very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.她说这样的话，真粗鲁。 It’s foolish of hi m to go alone. 他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 It’s not easy for th em to learn a foreign language. 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如，I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。 Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。 He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。 （二）了解定语形容词和表语形容词 一般说来，形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但是，有些形容词只用于名词前作定语，它们被称为定语形容词，而另有一些形容词则只用作表语，它们被称为表语形容词。 1.常见的定语形容词有elder(年岁较大的), eldest(最年长的), indoor (室内的), outdoor(室外的), daily(每天的), everyday(每天的), weekly(每周的), monthly(每月的), yearly(每年的), last(最后的), wooden(木制的), woolen(毛纺的)等。如：
初中形容词和副词讲解与练习
形容词和副词讲解与专项练习 一、形容词 （一）定义：用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质。 （二）用法 1.做定语(此时，形容词的位置在被修饰名词之前)。e.g. This is an old house. 2.做表语（此时，形容词的位置在连系动词之后）。e.g. I am sorry to hear that. 3.做宾语宾语补足语（此时，形容词的位置在宾语之后）。e.g. She made her mother angry. 4.形容词在句中的位置。 形容词做定语修饰名词时，放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后。 She is a clever girl. I saw something white in the water. 形容词修饰带有表量度的词或者词组时定语后置。 The bridge is one hundred meters long . 5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the，可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。e.g. The old are well looked after. We all love the beautiful. 二、副词 （一）定义：用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句。（有许多副词是从形容词转化而来的。方法是在形容词词尾加上?ly?.如：bad-badly, careful-carefully.等，在变化时要注意词尾是?y?的，要把?y?改为?I?再加?ly?。如：lucky-luckily. busy-busily等。另外以e结尾的，大部分直接加ly.如：wide-widely, brave-bravely等。还有几个特殊的要去e后再加ly.如：true-truly terrible-terribly等。 （二）用法 1.作状语。e.g. They work hard .(副词修饰动词） They are quite right .（副词修饰形容词） He park the car very easily .（副词修饰副词） Unfortunately, he was out.（副词修饰整个句子） 2.作定语（时间副词和地点副词可以做后置定语）。e.g. The students here are all from Hubei. 3.作表语。 e.g. What is on this evening?(今晚上演什么节目。） 4.作宾语补足语。e.g. Don't let him in. 三形容词和副词的比较等级 在英语中形容词和副词有原级，比较级和最高级之分。原级就是它们的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。
(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词 二. 形容词的作用，见下表： 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4） 大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house他. 爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates那. 个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类 词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white （表示 人种等）。 例如：The young should take good care of the old年. 轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country在. 这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teac他h.们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours我. 们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。
高中英语形容词和副词精讲
语法复习专题四——形容词和副词 备考建议： 1．从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点： (1)形容词的比较级和最高级； (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。 另外，考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。 2．对于比较级的考查，淡化结构，注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的，而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。 3．在加强考查词义辨析的题目中，高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法)，随着新教材词汇量的增大，而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。 要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力： 1．对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成，要加强记忆、找出其中规律；灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。 2．对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识，多数形容词在加-ly后，词义基本不变，而有些则不同，如：hard—hardly. 3．加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用，尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义，比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序，形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析，要不断地提高分析试题的能力，克服思维定势，灵活运用所学的知识。 (1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上，不能留任何疑点。 (2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习，要做到“词不离句，句不离义”。做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。 (3)判断句子成分，如果是作定语、表语等，一般是用形容词；如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词，一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况，如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。 (4)分清句子结构，看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。 (5)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。 考点聚焦 1、形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记； （1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。如：a language difficult to master （2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick 既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。 （3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.
初中形容词和副词讲解及练习
专题讲解五:形容词和副词 一.形容词. 考点一:形容词作定语.(前置定语和后置定语) 当有两个或两个以上不同种类的形容词做前制定语时,他们的排序一般为: 冠词(代词)----数词-----描述性词-----大小-----年龄(新旧)-----形状-----颜色------国籍-----材料和用途 口决：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房。 1.大小在前,形状在后 a small round table a big white bottle 2.大小在前，形状（包括长短，高低） 次之，颜色在后 3.年龄（包括新旧）在前，颜色在后 a new blue jacket 4.国籍，地区在后，其他形容词在前an old Chinese temple 考点一训练： 1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________ car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 2. ________ students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 3. The ________ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 4.The rice is stored in _______near the village. A. a wooden large house B. a house large wooden C. a large wooden house D. a house wooden large 5.There is ________at the end of the road. A. an English small old church B.an old English small church C. an old small English church D. a small old English church 考点二：形容词ing 和ed 的区别 1.由ing转化的形容词，通常带有主动和进行的含义，而由-ed分词转化的形容词，通常带有被动和完成的含义。 2.形容词ing 指物；形容词ed 指人。 interesting 令人感兴趣的Interested 感到有兴趣的 exciting 令人兴奋的excited 感到兴奋的 surprising 令人惊奇的surprised 感到惊奇的
英语人教版九年级全册形容词、副词专题教案
形容词、副词专题教案 【复习目标】 ▲明确形容词和副词的用法及其相互转换形式。 ▲掌握常用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方法。 ▲掌握少数形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化。 ▲掌握形容词和副词的比较等级用法。 【知识要点】 （一）形容词和副词的用法： 形容词的用法： 形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语，也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。 i. 作定语： ii. 作表语： Yao Ming is very tall. Our classroom is big and bright.
iii. 作宾语补足语： Don't make your hands dirty. We're trying to make our school beautiful. 注意： a. 有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone, afraid, asleep等。 如：That old man feels alone because his children are out. I'm afraid he can't come. b. 形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，要放在这些词后面。 如：There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious. c. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，其作用相当于一个名词。 如：the young(年轻人)，the poor(穷人), the rich(富人) d. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下： 限定词(a/the, this/some/her……)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。
形容词副词复习教案
[形容词副词复习教案] 形容词副词复习教案 所需课时：三课时 高考考点： 1.多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序； 2.比较级表达最高级含义的用法； 3.能用于修饰比较级的词或短语； 4.近义形容词、副词在具体语境中的运用； 5.形容词和副词的辨析 内容讲解： 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，形容词副词复习教案。通常， 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面； 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 1 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别-- 名词 a small round table； a tall shirt； a famous german medical school； an expensive japanese sports car【典型例题】: boys. other little d. little other --性质--名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有c符合答案。 2.形容词在句中常做定语，表语，有时作状语表伴、随原因等；而副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。 3比较级表达最高级含义的用法 1) 比较级+ than + any other + 单数名词 any of the other + 复数名词 any of the others
else/ anything else all the other+ 复数名词 you are cleverer than all the other students in your class. 2) 比较级用在否定句中表最高级的含义； ------ go for a ------___________ , i love getting close to nature. a. i couldn’t agree more . b. i am afraid not. c. i believe not d. i don’t think so 4. 可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面 5. a + 谓语 + 倍数 + as + 形容词副词原形+b + 比较级+than + b 6. 形容词和副词的辨析 . a. eventually b. unfortunately c. generously d. purposefuliy 7. 兼有两种形式的副词 1). close与closely close意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 he is sitting close to me.
形容词和副词
形容词和副词 单句改错 1.Instead, he hopes that his business will grow better. 2.They were also the best and worse years in my life. 3.At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. 4.The dishes that I cooked were Mom’s favoritest. 5.Mom was grateful and moving. 6.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 7.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. 8.Dad and I were terrible worried. 9.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. 10.On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 11.Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果) in our back garden. 12.The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. 13.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 14.So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests. 15.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 16.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. 17.That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. 18.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. 单句填空 1.The title will be ________ (official) given to me at ceremony in London. 2.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ________ (great ) and less important. 3.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________(regular). 4.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _______(gradual) turned into chopsticks. 5.Chinese scientist’s ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. 6.She was a very ________(care) mother. 7.The young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s ________(rely) 8.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _______(many) in the coming years. 9. A few hours ________, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. 10.Abercrombie& Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it _______(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 11.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ________(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. 12.It was _______(considerately) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. 13.They gave money the old people’s home either________(personal) or through their companies. 14.Little Tom sat _______(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. https://www.360docs.net/doc/b68590781.html,st year was the warmest year on record. 16.While there are ________(amaze) stories of instant transformation. 17.Just be ________(patience). 18.…some of them looked very anxious and ________ (disappoint). 19.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ________(sudden) became friendly to one another. 20.Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and ________(soft). 21.My legs become ________(pain). 22.The ________(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. 23.She was _________ (surprise) helpful. 24.Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the ________(good) possible education. 25.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a (tolerance) smile and let him go. 26.It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ________, supply more jobs. 27.Club sports are less time-consuming than other athletic items, and you can __________ (easy) miss a practice or even a competition if your academic or work commitments are particularly demanding at a certain point. 28.He was very good-looking, with a very pleasant, sociable manner, and after the introductions, conversation flowed most ______(enjoy) in the little group. 29.Bingley was clearly most interested in Jane Bennet, and started talking particularly to her. Darcy, _______, was just determining not to look at Elizabeth, when he suddenly noticed the stranger. 30.Of all living things, human being are the _______(clever). 31.There are _________(amaze) things in the world. 32.It seems that she is _______(thin) than before. 33.Practice some ________(relax) techniques before you go into a social situation. 34._______(curious), I gave him my full attention. 35.There are _________(absolute) no trees anywhere, just low bushes and yellow and brown grass, 36.I’m really _________(surprise) too. 37.The _________(easy) of all ways is to spend less. 38.One day, the egg hatched and a beautiful eagle was born. Sadly, _______, the eagle was raised to be a chicken. 39._________(obvious), I was doing very badly. 40.A beginner’s wall is usually 15 feet ________ (height). 41.Chopsticks originated in China, but they are _______(wide) used in many Asian countries. Exercise 1 语法填空 Over the years I've been teaching kids about a simple but ___1___(power)concept—the ant philosophy(哲学). They have an __2__(amaze)four-part philosophy. First, ants never quit. They'll climb over, they'll climb under, or they'll climb around. They never quit __3__ (look) for another way. What a neat(了不起的) philosophy it is to never looking for a way to get to where __4__you’re supposed to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer. That’s an important attitude. People __5__ have a little experience are clear that summer will not last forever. So ants are gathering in their winter food
初中英语语法--形容词和副词
形容词(Adjectives) I.定义及分类 形容词是用来说明或描述人或事物的性质、状态等的词。就其构成形式而言,形容词可以分为单词形容词和复合形容词。 单词形容词：由一个词构成，可以带前缀或者后缀。 big diligent pale square dishonest impatient 复合形容词：由两个或更多的词构成。 名词+形容词：sea-sick 晕船的air-sick 晕飞机的ice-cold 冰冷的duty-free 免税的snow-white 雪白的blood-thirsty 残忍的world-wide 世界性的shake-proof 防震的water-tight 不漏水的knee-deep 及膝的toll-free 免利息的top-heavy 头重脚轻的 名词+名词-ed：iron-willed 意志坚强的ox-eyed 大眼睛的honey-mouthed 甜言蜜语的apple-shaped 苹果形状的lion-hearted 勇敢的silver-haired 银发的hook-nosed 勾鼻子的 名词+现在分词：law-abiding 守法的time-consuming 耗费时间的self-sacrificing 自我牺牲的peace-loving 爱好和平的face-saving 顾面子的English-speaking 讲英语的pleasure-seeking 寻欢作乐的heart-rending 令人心碎的soul-stirring 感人肺腑的epoch-making 划时代的man-eating 吃人的fault-finding 喜欢挑剔的labor-saving 节省劳力的mouth-watering 令人垂涎的 名词+过去分词：weather-beaten 饱经风霜的heart-felt 衷心的heart-broken 伤心的hand-made 手工的home-made 本国造的state-owned 国有的sugar-coated 糖衣的tongue-tied 结结巴巴的 形容词（数词）+名词：long-distance 长途的fine-manner 举止优雅的present-day 当前的five-year 五年的bare-foot 赤脚的first-rate 一流的second-rate 二流的first-class 头等的deep-sea 深海的half-price 半价的one-way 单向（通行）的part-time 兼职的 形容词（数词）+名词-ed：white-haired 白发的round-faced 圆脸的double-faced 两面派的teen-aged 十几岁的good-mannered 有礼貌的bad-tempered 坏脾气的narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的noble-minded 品格高尚的kind-hearted 心地善良的absent-minded 心不在焉的smooth-tongued 花言巧语的short-sighted目光短浅的 near-sighted 近视的simple-minded 头脑简单的tight-fisted 吝啬的far-sighted 眼光远大的warm-hearted 热心的 形容词+现在分词：good-looking 好看的sweet-smelling 好闻的easy-going 随和的thorough-going 彻底的fine-sounding 好听的 形容词+过去分词：high-born 出身高贵的ready-made 现成的ready-cooked 烧好的native-born 本地生的new-built 重建的 副词+形容词：ever-green 常青的all-round 全能的,全面的over-busy 太忙的over-credulous 过于轻信的over-critical 过于挑剔的(=hypercritical) 副词+名词：off-hour 休息时间的off-guard 失去警惕的off-campus 校园外的off-key 不协调的off-budget 预算外的on-line 在线的 副词+现在分词：ever-lasting 持久的on-coming 迎面而来的 up-coming 即将来临的well-meaning 善意的far-reaching 深远的ever-increasing 不断增加的never-ending 不断的high-ranking 高级的 副词+过去分词：well-known 著名的ill-mannered 举止粗鲁的well-behaved 表现好的well-informed 消息灵通的well-balanced 平衡的well-dressed 穿着时髦的
形容词和副词比较级和最高级用法复习课教案设计
形容词和副词比较级和最高级用法复习课教案 一、内容分析 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是人教版新目标八年级重要的语法项目之一，是学生平时常接触的，它在很多题型中都会遇到。因此，复习好形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法是十分必要的。因为这个语法项目是八年级学过的语法内容，在平时的练习中也经常地接触，所以学生对该语法比较熟悉。但是由于时间间隔长，所以某些语法点及其特殊用法可能有点模糊。 二、学生分析 语法向来是学生头痛的一项内容，这次任教的十六中的学生应该基础都不错，如果语法复习基本以呈现理论为主再辅以练习，相对枯燥，学生兴趣不够，容易分散注意力，所以我想溶入一些新的教学元素。这个年龄的学生争强好胜，喜欢带有游戏性质的教育，于是我考虑借用大家感兴趣的话题来激发学生的热情，利用习题竞猜的方式调动学生的学习主动性，增强学习的效果。 三、教学目标 新课标指导下的英语教学应该以综合语言运用作为最终目的。语法应该成为帮助学生理解英语句子，表达自己思想和情感的工具。所以，我确定了本节课的目标为：学生能够在训练语言综合实践活动中熟练掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法。 （1）语言知识目标：复习形容词和副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化的构成，掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的综合应用。 （2）能力目标：能够在听说读写中熟练应用形容词和副词比较级和最高级。 （3）情感态度目标：在学习中培养合作精神。 （4）学习策略目标：学会总结所接触的语言材料中的语言规律并加以应用。 四、教学重点和难点 教学重点:进一步明确容词和副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化的构成，熟练掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级常见的几种特殊用法。 教学难点:（1）让学生积极融入到课堂氛围中，总是带着问题去研究；能带着遇到的疑问，为了灵活运用而大胆讨论。 （2）灵活运用形容词和副词比较级和最高级常见的几种特殊用法。 五、教学手段与方法 以学生为主体，尝试创新思维。采用讨论、协作、探究、竞争的教学模式，引导学生灵活运用所学语法知识。利用多媒体计算机、网络资源、音像等创设教学情景、问题情景，扩大教学容量，增强教学的趣味性和时效性。
高中英语语法 形容词和副词教案
形容词和副词专项复习教案 姓名冉智慧年级应用部2年级计划课时数6节 课 题 英语语法复习专项----形容词和副词 教学目标1、 2、形容词的概念和基本用法 3、 4、副词的概念和基本用法 5、 6、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的基本构成 7、 8、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的基本用法和部分特殊用法 难点重点1、 2、形容词和副词的基本用法区别 3、 4、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的形式 任教班级课 堂 教 学 内课前 检查 作业完成情况：优□良□中□差□建议__________________________________________ 过 程 英语语法形容词和副词 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 一、形容词 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 形容词的作用，见下表：
作用例句 定语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. 表语Your coat is too small. The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy. 宾语补足 语 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词? 2）数词? 3）性质 4）大小? 5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧? 7）颜色? 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如： His grandpa still lives in this small short house.