甘肃省少数民族文化之裕固族(英语)

W E E D I N G
Wedding ceremonies of Yugu nationality is special an interesting , which lasts three days. The whole process of wedding ceremony is filled with songs, laughter and liquor. Some senior singers would be invited for wedding celebration. Generally the host wedding ceremony would be the authoritative old man of the tribe. If someone breaks wedding ceremony rules, the host would be punished to drink liquor and make apology. People who participate the wedding ceremony often dress up and take Hada and presents. They often use two colors of Hada-white or blue. People with same family name or of one tribe can’t marry each other.
The population of Yugu is about 10,000, mainly living in Sunan Yugu autonomous county of Zhangye and Huangnipu town of Jiuquan county.
O R I G I N
Yugu nationality originates from Huihu around the reaches of Erhun River(鄂尔浑河) of Tang Dynasty (618AD-907AD). In the middle of the 9th century one branch of Huihu migrated to Guazhou (present Dunhuang), Ganzhou (present Zhangye) and Liangzhou (present Wuwei) along Hexi Corridor. In history they were called Hexi Huihu, among which the branch in Ganzhou was the strongest and once established a regime(政权) at the beginning of the 10th century and led the other branches. Thus Hexi Huihu was also generally called as Ganzhou Huihu.
N A M E
Yugu nationality enjoys a long history and ancient culture. They call themselves as "Yohu'r"(尧乎尔) or "shilayugu'r"(西拉玉 固儿). In 1953, on the basis of people’s discussion, the name Yugu was determined. It has a similar pronunciation with "Yohu'r". Yu means "abundant"and "gu" means "stable and peaceful".
C O S T U M E S
• As for costumes of Yugu nationality, men often wear high-collared robe with red or blue waistbelt, white hat on head with embroidered edge, and leather boot on foot. Women wear long robe with sleeveless jacket and cloth boot.
• Yugu nationality totally speaks three languagesTujue branch and Mongolian branch of A'ertai family and Chinese. • The nationality doesn’t have written language. • Oral literature of Yugu includes historical legends, proverbs and folk songs.
• The waistbelt of women’s are more colorful with red, purple and green colors. Women’s hat are often horn-shaped with red tassels (流苏) . Young girls often plait their hair into 5 or 7 braids and decorate the hat with a circle of red tassels. Those married women often plait their hair into three braids with silver, agates(玛瑙), coral(珊瑚) and pearls as ornaments(装饰).
From 50s of 11th century to the 16th century, Yugu nationality had more extensive communication with other nationalities and assimilated(吸收,同化) other nationalities of Mogolian, Tibetan and Han .This period is an important forming stage of Yugu nationality.
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Spring festival, religious festivals of Tibetan Buddhism and activities of offering sacrifices to their ancestors are the main festivals celebrated by Yugu nationality. On festivals people often make butter flowers and send Hada or other presents to their friends and relatives to express their best wishes. An ancient custom of sacrificing to ancestors has been still kept by Yugu people and on festivals each family would take sacrificial offerings such as steamed mutton, fried pantry and Baozi to forests worshipping their ancestors.
Since Yuan Dynasty (1368AD-1644AD), Tibetan Buddhism has been the belief of Yugu nationality. Tibetan Buddhism of Yugu is as same as that of Tibetan nationality while there are subtle differences. In Tibetan area, only Living Buddha can be reincarnated, while Yugu people believe that Kabu(堪布) can also be reincarnated(转世化身); Among Yugu nationality, people still worship their primitive god; in Tibetan area Lama can’t marry, while in Yugu nationality they can. With the development of society, lamaseries(喇嘛庙) of Yugu nationality also offer courses of Tibetan, Chinese, maths, physical education and music etc.
• Yugu nationality mainly lives on animal husbandry, grazing sheep, cattle and horses. A small part also works on agriculture. While in Huangnipu Town (黄泥 堡乡) of Jiuquan, people of Yugu nationality are all engaged in agriculture.
Ywenku.baidu.comgu
2011级国际文化交流班 齐晓茜
As we know Hexi Corridor is formed by two ranges of mountains: Qilian Mountain in the South and Longshou Mountain (Dragon Head Mountain), Heli Mountain and Heishan Mountain in the north. In the corridor there are many oases which act as the agricultural base of Gansu province. Yugu nationality which can be only found in Gansu province, is living on one of the oasises-Sunan Yugu autonomous county of Zhangye. There cultural sites and natural sceneries are matched harmoniously.
F O O D
Yugu nationality often live on a diet of butter(酥 油), dairy products(乳制品) and Zanba(糌粑) (roasted Qingke barley flour). People often have three times of tea and one dinner a day. The tea is often mixed with butter ,fried barley flour and cheese. Yugu nationality is hospitable and they often treat guests with milk tea, steamed mutton and Qingke liquor. People of Yugu nationality don’t eat meat of donkey, horse and chicken.