初中现在完成时态讲解带练习

一.现在完成时的含义及用法

1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。

2.现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

现在完成时的基本句型：

肯定式：

主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.

否定式:

主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.

疑问式：

助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?

用法①现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。

Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)

I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)

I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)

I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)

此时，现在完成时常与already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用，通常放在助动词之后，过去分词之前。

already: 常用于肯定句中.

yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经

1.你已经找到你的书了吗?

2.他们在这个城市建了许多房子.

3.Judy还没到达.

4.你吃过早饭了吗?

用法②

现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

She has learned English for 5 years.

He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从)he was born .

Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock?

for+ 时间段

since+时间点 , since+ 句子

①Mr. Brown has had his TV _____15 years.

②I’ve taken driving lessons _______last month.

③My sister has had her cell phone _____a month .

④My friends haven’t visited me _______ my birthday.

⑤We haven’t used our car _____a long time .

⑥She hasn’t h ad a good cup of coffee ____ years.

⑦Tom has worn glasses _______he was 7 years old.

二.have been 与have gone 的用法比较

have been to “到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。

have gone to“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。

have been in“呆在某处一段时间了”

三.实义动词分为: 瞬间动词、延续动词

瞬间动词：borrow, die, join, begin, start, finish, end, leave, buy, arrive, come 在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。

瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式:

1.瞬间动词可用于“段时间+ ago ” 的一般过去时句型

2.瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用

他的爷爷已经去世2年了。

Nick 参军3年了.

他离开深圳好长时间了。

这本书我已借了4个月了.

1. The famous writer _____ a new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has writ ten

2.Have you met Mr. Li ____？

Ａ. Just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago 3.How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

Ａbeen Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

4. —Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even

______ .

Ａ. has changed; well Ｂ. changed; good Ｃ. has ch anged; better Ｄ. changed; better

5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; do ne; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish

6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew

7.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 8.These farmers have been to the United States . ——Reall y? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

9.Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was studying Ｂ. will study Ｃ. has studied Ｄ. are; studying

10.His father ______ the Party since 1998 .

Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

11.—Do you know him well ? —Sure .We ______ friends since ten years a go

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

12.He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?