2020年高考英语复习考点学与练 并列句和状语从句(讲)

2020年高考英语复习考点学与练 并列句和状语从句(讲)
2020年高考英语复习考点学与练 并列句和状语从句(讲)

专题10 并列句和状语从句

状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上,尤其要重视as, until, before, since, when, in case等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。其考点主要包括:

1.考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法,还有它们之间的一些区别。如:时间状语从句的连词有while, when,as,as soon as,until,not…until,before, after,since等;条件状语从句的连词有if,unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等;结果状语从句的连词有so…that(如此……以至于),such…that(如此……以至于)等。

2.考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如:no sooner…than/hardly…when(一……就……); the moment/minute,directly等的连词功能。

3.考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义,如as既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句;where引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。

4.考查状语从句的时态。主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来,以及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。

5.考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”,也可以省略it is。

连词的考查主要集中在并列句和各种复合句中,主要考查连词的意义辨析。如:and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

知识点一、时间状语从句

(一)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句

1.when,while与as引导时间状语从句的区别

When they heard the news that Shenzhou Ⅸhad been sent up into space successfully,they jumped with joy. 听到“神舟”九号成功发射的消息,他们高兴地跳了起来。

While I was reading,he came in.

我正在看书时,他进来了。

The students sang as they walked.

学生们边走边唱。

2.while还可以作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而,却”。

Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.

刘旺来自山西,而刘洋来自河南。

3.when也可以作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”。

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

我们正在开会这时突然有人闯了进来。

(二)before与since引导的时间状语从句

1.before与since的常用句式

It will be two years before he leaves the country.

再过两年他才会离开这个国家。

It wasn't two years before he left the country.

不到两年他就离开了这个国家。

2.since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词,所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。

It's two years since we arrived here.

我们到这儿两年了。

It's three years since we lived here.

我们不住在这里有三年了。

(三)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句

1.引导时间状语从句,且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有:as soon as,the moment,the minute,immediately,directly,hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than...。

2.hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than...中主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。

(四)until与till引导的时间状语从句

1.until与till引导时间状语从句的区别

2.not until位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。

(五)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)

1.其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after,whenever,every time,each time,next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

每当我们遇到困难,他们就来帮忙。

2.by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时;by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。

By the time you come back, we'll have finished the job.

到你回来的时候,我们将已经完成这项工作。

They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.

我们到的时候,他们已经种了10棵树了。

知识点二、条件状语从句

1.引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if,unless,as/so long as,in case(万一),once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),supposing(that)等。

You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.

除非你努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。

As long as you don't lose heart,you will succeed.

只要你不灰心,你就会成功。

In case there is a fire,what will we do first?

万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?

2.在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。

知识点三、让步状语从句

(一)although,though,as与while引导的让步状语从句

1.although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序;though引导让步状语从句时,可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。

Although the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.

尽管艳阳高照,天气并不是很暖和。

Happy as they were, there was something missing.

尽管他们快乐,但总缺少点什么。

2.although与though都可以与yet,still连用,但不能和but连用。

3.though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。

I've a bit of cold.It is nothing much,though.

我有点感冒,不过不太严重。

4.while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。

While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.

尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。

(二)even if与even though引导的让步状语从句

even if与even though表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。

I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.

我要做这件事,即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。

Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.

即使我处于你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。

(三)“no matter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句

1.“no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词+ever”,二者都可以引导让步状语从句。

Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.

无论他说什么,不要相信他。

2.whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。

(四)whether...or...引导的让步状语从句

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

不管你相信与否,那都是真的。

知识点四、地点状语从句

1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时,从句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。如:

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你愿意去哪里就去哪里。

2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。如:

You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)

You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)

你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。

知识点五、原因状语从句

1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。

as(由于) 主句

前或后

对方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now

That(既然)

主句前

如:

She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.

她正在学习,因为她明天有考试。

As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.

由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。

Now that/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.

既然大家都在,我们开始开会吧。

2.此外,when 也可以表示原因,意为:since; considering that 既然;考虑到。如:

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里,你却打车,你可真够愚蠢的。

知识点六、目的状语从句和结果状语从句

1.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest 等。如:

I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.

我会慢慢说,这样你就能理解我。

Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.

带上雨衣以防下雨。

2.结果状语从句

(1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that, so...that..., such...that...在非正式语体中,由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中的that 可以省略,注意其结构形式:

????? so +形容词/副词+that 从句so +形容词+a/an +可数名词单数形式+that 从句

so +many/much/few/little 少+名词+that 从句

????? such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数形式+that 从句such +形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that 从句such +a lot of/lots of +名词+that 从句

如:

Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.

=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。

It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.

天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。

He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.

他挣的钱如此少,以至于养不起家。

当so 或such 置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。如:

So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all difficult problems.

他是如此聪明的学生,以至于能成功地解出所有难题。

(2)除结果状语从句外,too...to...(太……而不能……),enough to...(达到某种程度可以……),so...as to...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如:

He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.

=He got up too late to catch the bus.

=He got up so late as to miss the bus.

他起床太晚,以至于没赶上那班公共汽车。

知识点七、方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though 等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if 或as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。如:

Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.

告诉你怎么做就怎么做,否则你会被解雇。

The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.

这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。

I feel as if I have a fever.

我感觉像是发烧了。

高频考点一、考查连词的用法

例1.【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.

A. ever since

B. as if

C. even though

D. so that

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子,这样的话,它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起;B. as if好像;C. even though尽管;D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句,故用so that引导。故选D。

【变式探究】(2017·北京)—Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.

—No problem.

A. but

B. or

C. for

D. so

【答案】D

【解析】A. but 但是 B. or 或者C. for 因为 D. so因此句意:Peter,请给我们寄明信片,因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过,根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系,故用so,选D。

【变式探究】______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old peop le to care for.

A. Unless

B. Until

C. As

D. While

【答案】C

【解析】句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长,越来越多的老人要照顾。unless除非;until直到;as

因为,正如,随着;while虽然,然而,当……时候。根据语境,故选C。

【变式探究】_______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.

A. Since

B. After

C. While

D. Unless

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while

引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;since既然,自从;after在……之后;unless除非。故选C。

高频考点二、考查时间状语从句

例2.I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else.

A.though B.as if

C.once D.so that

【答案】C

【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。句意:________你认识了这里的其他所有人,我相信你会在这里玩得很愉快的。though意为“虽然”,引导让步状语从句;as if意为“好像,仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句;once“一旦”,引导时间状语从句;so that“以便;结果”,引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。根据句中的关键信息you will have a wonderful time和you get to know everyone else可知应用once引导时间状语从句。

【举一反三】We need to get to the root of the problem ________ we can solve it.

A.while B.after

C.before D.as

【答案】C

【解析】考查语意逻辑关系。句意:我们需要在我们能解决它________找到问题的根源。while表示“然而”时,连接并列句;表示“当……的时候”时,引导时间状语从句。after在……之后,引导时间状语从句;before 在……之前,引导时间状语从句;as表示“当……的时候”时,引导时间状语从句,表示“因为”时,引导原因状语从句,表示“正如”时,引导方式状语从句。由语境可知,我们在解决问题前需要找到其根源,因此用before引导时间状语从句。

【变式探究】It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

A.that B.as

C.which D.when

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:当我父亲叫醒我,告诉我看足球比赛的时候是午夜。when 在此引导时间状语从句。此题易误选A项,原因是把这个句子看成了强调句,如果在the middle of the night 前加介词in,则此句为强调句,因此解此类题目时要注意分析句子成分。

【变式探究】If you miss this chance,it may be years ________ you get another one.

A.as B.before

C.since D.after

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:如果你错过了这次机会,可能需要很多年你才能再获得

另一次。此题可将“it+be+时间段+before...”视为固定句式,“it will/may be+时间段+before...”意为“将/可能需要一段时间才/就……”。“it was+时间段+before...”意为“过了多久就……,过了多久才……”。

高频考点三让步状语从句

例3.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.

A.as long as B.as if

C.even though D.in case

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:我爷爷虽然已经90多岁了,但他有时还打网球。根据句意并分析句子成分可知,本空需要从属连词引导让步状语从句。even though表示“尽管,虽然”,符合句意。as long as“只要”;as if“仿佛,好像”;in case“以防万一”。

【举一反三】________ the students came from different countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp.

A.While B.Unless

C.Since D.Until

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:________学生们来自不同的国家,他们在夏令营相处得非常好。根据句意可知,本题前后为转折关系,所以应用while“尽管”来引导状语从句,表转折。故答案为A项。

【变式探究】________ the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year.

A.As B.When

C.Even though D.In case

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意:________森林公园离得很远,每年有很多游客会去游览。as可以引导原因状语从句,可以引导时间状语从句表示两个动作同时发生,也可以引导让步状语从句(但从句需要用倒装结构);when引导时间状语从句;even though相当于even if,意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;in case意为“以防,万一”,引导条件状语从句。根据the forest park is far away 是正常语序,并未用倒装结构及句意可知,C项符合句意和语法结构。

【举一反三】________difficulties you are experiencing right now,I can help you to develop a positive mind and take steps to improve your life.

A.Wherever B.Whatever

C.However D.Whenever

【答案】B

【解析】whatever引导让步状语从句,修饰名词,相当于no matter what意为“无论什么”,其他几个连词都不能修饰名词。

【举一反三】We students should hold such an attitude:________ we achieve great success in our study,we should not be proud.

A.only if B.in case

C.now that D.even though

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:我们学生应该持有这样一种态度:即使我们在学习中取得了巨大成功,也不应该骄傲。Even though“即使,尽管”引导让步状语从句。

高频考点四条件状语从句

例4.(2019·江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ they need medical assistance.

A.if only B.as if

C.even though D.in case

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:医生把他的电话号码分享给病人,以防他们需要医疗援助。if only“要是……多好”;as if“似乎,好像”;even though“尽管”;in case“以防”。

【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support.

A.since B.once

C.unless D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见,除非他想得到他们的支持。A项意为“自从,既然”;B项意为“一旦”;C项意为“除非”;D项意为“在……之后”。故选C。

【变式探究】(2018·江苏卷)________ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.

A.Once B.Unless

C.If D.When

【答案】B

【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:除非你睡眠好,否则你一两个夜晚后就不能集中注意力,不能计划,也不能保持积极性。unless“除非”符合句意。

【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)________we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.

A.Although B.While

C.If D.Until

【答案】C

【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上许多动植物将不复存在。根据句意可知,此处用If引导条件状语从句。

高频考点五其他状语从句

例5.(2018·天津卷)Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ________ they get sweet enough to be eaten.

A.ever since B.as if

C.even though D.so that

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。从句意的连贯看,空前说“等到周末再摘这些桃子”,空后说“它们就变得够甜了,可以吃了”,这里应该用so that“以便”引导目的状语从句。

【举一反三】(2017·江苏卷)Located________the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.

A.why B.when

C.which D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:江苏位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处,将对“一带一路”的建设作出更多的贡献。where在此引导地点状语从句。

【变式探究】Most successful people think about things in new and different ways: they see an open window ________ others see a closed door.

A.where B.if

C.once D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:大多数成功人士以新的和不同的方式思考事物:他们在别人看到一扇关闭的门的地方看到的是一扇敞开的窗户。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,应用where。故选A。

【变式探究】The book will tell young Chinese that they should face the challenges,________“tears and running away” doesn’t solve problems.

A.as B.though

C.in case D.so that

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:这本书将告诉中国的年轻人,他们应该直面挑战,因为“眼泪和逃避”并不能解决问题。as“因为”引导原因状语从句,符合语境。

1.(2019·江苏卷)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ they need medical assistance.

A.if only B.as if

C.even though D.in case

【答案】D

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:医生把他的电话号码分享给病人,以防他们需要医疗援助。if only“要是……多好”;as if“似乎,好像”;even though“尽管”;in case“以防”。

【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ________ he wants their support.

A.since B.once

C.unless D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:汤姆如此独立以至于他从来都不问父母的意见,除非他想得到他们的支持。A项意为“自从,既然”;B项意为“一旦”;C项意为“除非”;D项意为“在……之后”。故选C。

1.【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.

A. ever since

B. as if

C. even though

D. so that

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子,这样的话,它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since自那时起;B. as if好像;C. even though尽管;D. so that以便。从句为目的状语从句,故用so that引导。故选D。

2.【2018·江苏】_______ you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.

A. Once

B. Unless

C. If

D. When

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:除非你睡得好,否则一两个晚上之后,你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能力。A. Once一旦;B. Unless除非;C. If如果;D. When当……时候。故选B。

3.【2018·北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.

A. Although

B. While

C. If

D. Until

【答案】C

【解析】考查状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,那么世界上的很多动植物就会消失。动植物不灭绝的的前提条件是阻止气候变化。Although 尽管;While 当……时候,尽管,然而;If 如果;Until 直到。C正确。

1.(2017·北京)—Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.

—No problem.

A. but

B. or

C. for

D. so

【答案】D

【解析】A. but 但是 B. or 或者C. for 因为 D. so因此句意:Peter,请给我们寄明信片,因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过,根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系,故用so,选D。

2.(2017·北京)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. when

【答案】B

【解析】A. why 为什么B. where 在哪C. how 如何D. when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。

3.(2017?天津).—Do you have Betty’s phone number?

—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.

A. hadn’t been

B. wouldn’t have been

C. weren’t

D. wouldn’t be

【答案】B

【解析】句意:--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise,否则相当于一个条件状语从句:If I hadn't have her phone number,即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句,可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟,故选B。

1.【2016·天津】7. ______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old peop le to care for.

A. Unless

B. Until

C. As

D. While

【答案】C

【解析】句意:随着人口平均年龄的增长,越来越多的老人要照顾。unless除非;until直到;as因为,正如,随着;while虽然,然而,当……时候。根据语境,故选C。

2.【2016·浙江】5._______online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.

A. Since

B. After

C. While

D. Unless

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但是不是其所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”;since既然,自从;after在……之后;unless除非。故选C。

3.【2016·北京】35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.

A. so

B. and

C. for

D. but

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我不害怕明天,因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so后跟结果;and表并列关系;for补充说明原因;but表转折。故选C。

4.【2016·江苏】26.______some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.

A.Because

B.If

C.Unless

D.While

【答案】D

【解析】连词because因为;if如果;unless除非;while尽管;然而;当……时;根据句意可知此处表转折,所以使用while"尽管"。故D项正确。

5.【2016·北京】33. I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.

A. because

B. before

C. unless

D. until

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我非常喜欢听音乐,因为它能让我放松,使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系,故选A。

6.【2016·北京】2

7.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, ________ he’s in his nineties.

A. as long as

B. as if

C. even though

D. in case

【答案】C

【解析】句意:即使是九十多岁了,我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要,引导条件句;B.as if似乎,引导方式状语从句或表语从句;C. even though即使,引导让步状语从句;D.in case 以防,引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系,故选C。

7.【2016·江苏】34.Not until recently ______the development of tour ist-related activities in the rural areas.

A. they had encouraged

B. had they encouraged

C. did they encourage

D. they encouraged

【答案】C

【解析】句意:直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时,主句要使用部分倒装。故C项正确。

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