主语翻译

主语翻译

I.英译中主语处理英语的一个特点就是物称倾向，即，

喜欢用抽象概念、无生命的事物和不能主动发出动作的词语作为句子的主语。英语的主语经常不是人，汉语主语多用人。

She smiled. （普通表达）

There is a smile on her face. (静态表达法)

A smile warmed her face. （无生命主语句）

翻译技巧：能直译则直译

The matter asks immediate attention.

这件事需要立即予以注意。

The minutes slipped by quickly.

时间一分钟一分钟地溜过去了。

如果直译不通呢？

The courage escaped from me at the moment.

那一刻我突然失去了勇气。

Her name escaped me. 我记不起她的名字了。

A lot of troubles visited the poor family. 这个贫困的家庭遇到不少麻烦。

翻译技巧：找到逻辑主语做译文主语

The very sight of it makes me feel nervous.

一见到它，我就感到紧张。

Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror oppressed her. 她感到心情抑郁，甚至惊恐不安。

Her heart did whisper that he had done it for her.

她的确在心里嘀咕：他是为了我才这么做的。

重组句子：找出合适的动作执行者作为汉语句子的主语Anger choked his words. 他气得话也说不出来。

Her eyes tell me that something must have happened.

我从她的眼中看出一定有什么事发生了。

重组句子：找出合适的动作执行者作为汉语句子的主语

His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.

他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热。他于是下了决心，一碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下休息。

拆分：转化成汉语复句英语有些无生命主语句，从语法上看是简单句，但却含有并列句和复合句的内容。要采用拆分等手段，以便把逻辑关系和时间顺序逐层表达出来。拆译前可增加一些连词（如“因为”、“所以”、“如果”、“虽然”、等）

This medicine will make you feel better. 吃了药你就会舒服些。拆分：转化成汉语复句

The bitter weather had driven everyone indoors.

由于天气寒冷刺骨，人人都已躲进了室内。

A second term would give the President more power than was safe for republican institution.

如果总统竟然连任，就会使总统权利太大而足以威胁共和制度的安全。

转化成汉语复句

Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion.

经过调查，我们得出了上述结论。

Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.

东方欲晓的时候，他已走了一大段路了，这次骑马旅行是很愉快的，没有碰到意外事件。

运用使役句式

His illness left him weak. 疾病使他虚弱。

Continuous rain prevented us from taking any outdoor exercise.

阴雨连绵，使我们不能做任何室外运动。

中译英主语处理

主语从句的处理

例：1997 年，中英通过和平谈判成功解决了香港问题，为两国关系发展创造了良好的条件。

1．断句，添加主语

In 1997, China and Britain successfully solved the Hongkong issue through peaceful negotiations. This has created favorable conditions for further development of bilateral relations.

2．转化为名词词组

The successful solution of the Hongkong issue through peaceful negotiations between China and Britain in 1997 has created favorable conditions for further development of bilateral relations.

3．将主语从句作为主句，而将谓语动词转化为英语的分词结构，作伴随情况状语

In 1997, China and Britain successfully solved the Hongkong issue through peaceful negotiations, creating favorable conditions for further development of bilateral relations. 4．将主语从句作为主句，而将谓语转化成非限定定语从句的谓语。

In 1997, China and Britain successfully solved the Hongkong