第六讲 增词法

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Adversaries are powerful without question. 毫无疑问,对手个个都很强大。
New buildings, massive in span and artful in design, have sprung up everywhere. A plethora of stores and shops have sprouted everywhere.
examples
The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。
Up the street they went, past stores, across a broad square and then entered a huge building.
他们沿着大街走过去,一路经汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同,翻 译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当 的增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的 内容和风格,有能符合译入语的表达习 惯。概括起来,增词法一般用于以下三 中情况
❖ 为了语法的需要
❖ 为了意义的需要
❖ 为了修辞的需要
一、为了语法的需要
1、英语中没有量词,汉译时就得根据汉语的表
2、英语动词的语法意义涉及人称、数、时态、体、态、
语气等六个语法范畴。其中,时、体、态、语气是动 词本身的 语法范畴,人称和数是句子主语的语法范畴。 而汉语动词没有形态变化,语法意义的实现由上下文、 词汇(时间词、副词、助词)语调等体现。动词对语 法意义的选择手段是灵活的。因此,在英翻汉时,常 常需要增加一些表示时、体和语气的词。
一小组科学家正在进行这项研究工作,他们专心致志 并富有想象力,专门研究从各种海洋动物中提取能增 进人类健康的物质。
The surgeons weren't sure how long my new joints would last. But they’re holding up fine.
那些外科医生当时不能肯定我的新关节可以维持多久, 但他们至今还运转良好呢。
达习惯增加合适的量词
a martial music 一首军乐曲 “A Saxon heiress of large possessions.” replied the prior Aymer, “a rose of loveliness, a jewel of wealth, the fairest among a thousand, a bundle of myrrh, and a cluster of balsams.” 修道院院长艾梅回答道:“她是一个拥有一大笔家产 的撒克逊世家的嗣女,她是一朵可爱的玫瑰花, 一颗 无价的珠宝;她是一个绝色的美人,一束香草,一簇 凤仙花。
A: 怎么啦? B: 来了/马上来/就来/马上就来了。(“来”可与不同的
助词,副词搭配使用,语法意义相同)
但在英语中,如果要表示同样的意思,就要使用 “come”的进行体“coming”来体现,根据语境不同, 可以翻译成:
B: I’m/We’re/He’s/They’re/X’s coming.
Examples:
She would spend hours dressing herself in fine clothes, and brushing her black hair. Then she would stand by the mirror and admire herself.
她总是要花上好几个小时为自己盛装打扮,梳理她乌 黑的头发,之后常常照着镜子自我欣赏一番。
The old man said: “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”
老头儿说:“听人说,他父亲以前是个打鱼的,他过 去跟我们现在一样穷。”
3、英语中可数名词有单、复数之分,汉语则没有。英语 可直接用可数名词复数形式表达模糊、不确定的数量 关系,而汉语中,则需要数量词组、副词、名词重叠 以及带数字的固定词组来表达类似的意义。
一幢幢新建的大厦在各处拔地而起,规模宏伟,设计精美。 到处 冒出了大大小小数不胜收的商店。
This small old village lies in green mountains. 这个古旧的村落坐落在苍翠的群山之中。
I was a middle school teacher and my dream was to teach college students.
我曾经是一名中学老师,那时我的梦想就是当一名大 学老师。
The research work is being done by a small group of dedicated and imaginative scientists who specialize in extracting from various sea animals substances that may improve the health of human race.
第六讲:增词法
A translator is not supposed to add or subtract any meaning from the original text. However, duty to the difference of expressions between English and Chinese, a translator has to add or subtract some words in order to make the original meaning clear and explicit. As for the technique of amplification, the words added do not explicitly appear in the original text, but implied between the lines.
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