胡里山炮台英文简介

胡里山炮台

胡里山炮台始建于清光绪二十年（公元1894年），建成于清光绪二十二年（1896年），工期2年8个月。炮台总面积7万多平方米，城堡面积1.3万多平方米，分为战坪区、兵营区和后山区，安有两门28生克虏伯大炮、15生克虏伯副炮，筑有护墙、弹药库、兵房、官厅、山顶了望厅、暗道等，整座炮台为半地堡式、半城垣式，具有欧洲风格，又有我国明清时期的建筑神韵。

28生克虏伯大炮由德国克虏伯兵工厂1893年出产，口径为280毫米（即28生），大炮全炮重量为87吨，膛线84条，炮长13.9米，射程19760米。由于胡里山炮台重要的地理位置，较大的建筑规模，完整齐全的设备，而成为厦门七大炮台中的中心台、指挥台。

在1937年9月至1938年5月，日舰入侵厦门港期间，胡里山炮台击伤“羽风”号，击沉日军驱逐舰“箬竹”号，这是抗日战争期间在东南海域中被击沉的第一艘敌舰。

2006年以来，在“文化创新、品牌创新、科技创新”（三个创新）的理念指导下，胡里山炮台打造了世界古炮王克虏伯大炮和红夷火炮清兵操演两个核心品牌，以及4个中心品牌：高仿真机器人硅像馆、4D影院、幻影成像剧场、28生克虏伯大炮装配及发射演示。

28生克虏伯大炮经国家文物局、国家文物鉴定委员会鉴定为“世界上现存原址上最古老最大的十九世纪海岸炮”，并荣获大世界吉尼斯最佳项目奖；“红夷火炮清兵操演”项目为国内首创，反映了明清时期厦门港炮台当年的军事盛况，其仿古操演开创“亚、欧、美三大洲唯一”，弥补了厦门旅游节庆的空白和遗憾，成为厦门旅游的节庆活动。福建电视台综合频道《纪事》栏目为此进行了专题报道。

硅像馆反映了胡里山炮台建成时的盛况，首例高仿真硅像机器人开创中国第一；按军标制作的三维28生克虏伯大炮装配及发射演示在国内外也是唯一；反映胡里山炮台购炮筑台和抗日战争的“幻影成像剧场”；表现1840年鸦片战争时期厦门抗英保卫战的“4D影院”。

其配套项目：胡里炮王击沉日舰史料馆、“厦门港要塞与德国克虏伯”图片展室、280毫米克虏伯大炮炮弹实物展示区、280毫米克虏伯大炮弹头赏析室、铁模铁炮陈列区、光绪朝硃批奏折赏析区、山顶了望台、红夷大炮炮阵区、后山大弹药库、考工（军）石互动区以及清朝旗杆。其仿制旗杆高16米，青龙旗旗帜面积达11.98平方米，堪称“江南第一旗”。它将成为厦门港南岸的一个标志性景观。

这些融新、奇、特的平面、立体、静态和动态的文化旅游产品彻底改变胡里山炮台景区曾经只有一门大炮的历史，极大丰富了炮台的历史文化内涵。真实再现了当时守台官兵指挥作战、生活场景以及相关历史片段。让固态的历史（文物）鲜活起来。让我们走进历史，触摸历史。

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Hulishan Fortress was built in the 20th year of Emperor Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1894) and was completed two years later (AD1896). The fortress occupies a total area of over 70,000 square meters and the castle takes about 13,000 square meters. It is constituted by battle plateau, military camp, and back hill area. The fortress is equipped with two 28 sheng (280mm caliber) Krupp cannons, and a 15 sheng (150 mm caliber) Krupp sub cannon. It has parapet wall, ammunition depots, military barracks, government offices, hilltop lookout hall, and underground passage. The whole fort is in a blending style of half bunker and half wall, which bearing both the charms of European buildings and the Ming -Qing Dynasties buildings.

The 28 sheng (280 mm caliber) Krupp canon was produced by German Krupp artillery arsenal in

1893. Weighs 87 ton, the canon has 84 rifling and 13.9 meters long gun with a range of 19,760 meters. The critical location and comparative large scale, along with a complete range of equipments, render Hulishan Fortress to the center and director platform among the top seven fortresses of Xiamen.

During September 1937 to May 1938, namely, the period that Xiamen port was invaded by Japanese ships, Hulishan fortress damaged warship Yufeng and sunk warship Ruozhu. The later is the first enemy warship that sunk in the southeast waters during the anti-Japanese war.

Since 2006, under the guidance of “culture innovation, brand innovation, technological innovation” (three innovations), Hulishan fortress crafted two core brands, namely, Krupp canon the ancient king and Qing dynasty military exercise with Hong-yi Po. Besides, it also has four key brands: Silicon work museum of high imitation robots, Four-dimension cinema, Spectra Vision Theater, and Demonstration center of the fitting and launching of 280mm caliber Krupp cannon. The 280 mm caliber Krupp cannon has been recognized as “the existing oldest and largest 19th century seacoast artillery in its original site” by National Heritage Board and won the Guinness Best Project Award. The “Qing dynasty military exercise with Hong-yi Po” project is the first try of its type in China. It reproduces the military event of Xiamen port in Ming-Qing dynasty. As “the first of its type in Asia, Europe, and America”, the antique military exercise fills the vacancy of Xiamen tourism event. Jishi (to record down), a column from Fujian TV general channel, made a special report on it.

The silicon work museum vividly showed the grand occasion when the fortress was completed. The high imitation silicon robot is a domestic inception, and so is the demonstration center of the fitting and launching of 280mm caliber Krupp cannon. The spectra vision theater plays shows of the building history of Hulishan fortress as well as the anti-Japanese war. And there is also the four dimension cinema that tells the Xiamen anti-Britain guardian battle in the first Opium war in 1840.

Supporting Project: Historical museum of the king cannon that sunk the Japanese warship; exhibition rooms of the “Xiamen fort and the German krupp”and the shell of 280 mm caliber krupp cannon; appreciation areas of the 280mm caliber krupp cannon bullet, the iron mold and iron cannon, as well as the memorial to the throne that marked by emperor Guangxu; the hilltop lookout hall; the queue of Hong-yi po; the big ammunition depot at the back hill; the interactive zone of artilleryman selection; and the flagpole of Qing dynasty. With the flagpole as high as 16 meters and the green dragon flag as large as 11.89 square meters, it is called “the first flag in southern Yangtze river”, becoming a landmark of the southern Xiamen port.

These cultural tourism products, plane or stereo, static or dynamic, all marked by initiative, innovativeness, and uniqueness, completely change the history that Hulishan fortress only had one cannon, and greatly enrich the historical and cultural implications of the fortress. By vividly reappear the then battling and living scenes as well as related historical evidences, the static history has come into life that we can go inside and feel it.