过去分词作宾补

GRAMMAR 过去分词作宾补用法小议

[想一想] 请看下列几组句子，想一想过去分词作宾语补足语有什么特点。

1. A. I was glad to see the child well taken care of in the kindergarten.

B. When the manager came back, he found all the difficult problems settled.

C. I often hear the song sung in English when I was abroad.

2. A. Well dressed that evening, she hoped to make herself noticed at the ball.

B. You must get your article finished before going home.

C. I am going to the hospital this afternoon and have my eyes examined.

3. A. The manager didn’t want such questions discussed at the meeting.

B. The chairman wished those letters typed as soon as possible.

C. He ordered the plan carried out within the week.

4. A. With trees planted everywhere, our hometown has taken on a new look.

B. My brother often does his homework in his study with the door locked.

C. The students sat still at their desks, with their eyes fixed upon the teacher.

[讲一讲] 通过观察以上句子，我们可以总结出过去分词作宾补时的用法要点：

▲英语里，用作宾语补足语的过去分词（短语）一般都表示被动或完成的意义，说明宾语所处的状态，宾语与宾语补足语之间常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

▲感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, find, feel, notice等接过去分词（短语）作宾补，表示“看到/ 听到/ 发现/ 感受到某事/ 某人被……”。如第一组例句。

▲使役动词have, make, get, keep, leave等接过去分词（短语）作宾补，表示“致使某事/某人被……”。如第二组例句。

▲表示“愿望，想法”的动词order, want, wish, expec t等接过去分词（短语）作宾补，表示“希望/ 要求某事/ 某人被……”。如第三组例句。

▲除了动词外，介词with也可接过去分词作宾语补足语。如第四组例句。此外，过去分词在句中也可以作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态。

如：The door was left unlocked before he went to bed last night.

The house was found broken into when they came back from holiday.

The song was often heard sung in English when I was abroad those years.

过去分词与动词-ing形式、不定式作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补，宾语和补足语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系；动词-ing形式作宾补，宾语和补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行；不定式作宾补强调动作发生的全过程，有时也表示一个将来的动作。

试比较：We saw the injured sent to hospital shortly after the accident.

We saw him cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard this morning.

We saw her enter the supermarket and buy herself a box of chocolate.

[练一练] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. It was a pity that the great writer died _____ his works unfinished. （福建2004）

A. for

B. with

C. from

D. of

2. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.(重庆2004)

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

3. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. (2004全国卷III)

A. making herself hear

B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard

D. to make herself heard

4. She wants her paintings _____ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very popular. (上海2007春) A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed

5. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. (江苏2007) A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest

参考答案Key: 1-5 BADDA