高级英语第二册8-12课paraphrase

第八课

1….by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animal kingdom.

Because of the fact itself that man produces, he has developed far beyond all other animals.

2. Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent of nature.

Work also frees man from nature and makes him into a social being independent of nature.

3. …all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reason and skill.

All the above-mentioned work shows how man has transformed nature through his reason and skill.

4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.

Therefore pleasure and work went together; so did the cultural development of the worker go hand in hand with the work he was doing.

5. Work became the chief factor in a system of “inner worldly asceticism”, an answer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation.

Work became the chief element in a system that preached an austere and self-denying way of life. Work was the only thing that brought relief to those who felt alone and isolated leading this kind of ascetic life.

6. Work has became alienated from the working person.

In capitalist society the worker feels estranged from or hostile to the work he is doing.

7. Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaning human activity.

Work helps the worker to earn some money; and earning money only is an activity without much significance or purpose.

8. …a pay check is not enough to base one’s self-respect on.

Just earning some money is not enough to make a worker have a proper respect of himself.

9. …most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche.

Most industrial psychologists are mainly trying to manage and control the mind of the worker.

10. It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management.

Better relations with the public will yield larger profits to management. The management will earn larger profits if it has better relations with the public.

11. But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal to complete passivity and receptivity.

The fact that many gadgets are indeed useful is often used by advertisers as a more "high-minded" cover for what is really

a vulgar, base appeal to idleness and willingness to accept things.

12. He has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.

The businessman knows the quality or usefulness of his product is not what it should be. He despises the goods he produces, conscious of the deception involved.

第九课

1. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city Omelas.

The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marked the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas.

2. Their high calls rising like the swallows’ crossing flights over the music and singsing.

The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead.

3. Exercised their restive horses before the race.

The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders.

4. Given a description such as this one tends to make certain assumptions.

After reading the above description the reader is likely to assume certain things.

5. These were not simple folk, not dulcet shepherds, noble savages, bland utopians.

The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.

6. This is the treason of artist: a refusal to admit the banality of evil and the terrible boredom of pain.

An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.

7. They were nature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives were not wretched.

They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they were not miserable people.

8. Perhaps it would be best if you imagined it as your own fancy bids, assuming it will rise to the occasion.

Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assuming his imagination will