《心理学与生活》全套课件精品教案 chapter1(b)

Structuralism构造主义
Wilhelm Wundt(1832-1920)
Edward Bradford Titchener(1867-1927)
Structuralism attempted to break conscious experience down into objective sensations such as sight or taste, and subjective feelings such as emotional responses, will, and mental images such as memories or dreams. Structuralists believed that the mind functions by combining the elements of experience
Module 2: A Science Evolves
History of Psychology- Foundations
Aristotle （384 B.C. -322 B.C. ） Peri psyches《论灵魂》 People are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
History of Psychology- Foundations
Socrates（ 469B.C. -399B.C. ） Plato’s teacher We should rely in processes such as rational thought and introspection to achieve selfknowledge .
science
3.physics: a subject has been adopted as the ideal model by scientists in psychology, who have borrowed its scientific methods and principles.
Behaviorism 行为主义
The founder of behaviorism is American psychologist John B.Wation, and established in 1913.
Behaviorism defines psychology as the study of observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses.
radical behaviorism 激进的行为主义
John B.Wation(1878-1958) Psychology must limit it self to
observable, measurable behavior and refuse consciousness. Based on Ivan pavlov experiment where dogs salivated when heard bell Focus on the importance of learning of measurable responses to environmental stimuli.
Psychology is born!
The date 1879 is usually said to be the start of psychology as a separate scientific discipline, since it was when Wilhelm Wundt created the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig. Wundt is, therefore, regarded as the ‘founding father’ of psychology.
Introspection
Functionalism机能主义
William James（1842-1910） Functionalism
Consciousness is constantly “flowing like a river”“atoms of thought”. – Moved from structure to what the mind does and how behavior functions
Locke 洛克（1632-1704）
Empiricism 经验主义 Science should rely on observation
and experimentation Knowledge from experience
science
1. Evolution: Darwin's suggestion that humans has evolved from other animals. the discoveries in genetics that followed from his evolutionary theory have had many important implications for the study and understanding of behavior.
science
2.Physiology(生理学): the discoveries of the structure and function of the brain, nervous, and endocrine systems have significantly contributed to the understanding of behavior.
History of Psychology- Foundations
Descartes 笛卡尔（1596-1650） Mind and body are separated (dualism philosophy)
Pineal gland(松果体）
History of Psychology- Foundations