语篇分析 讲义Discourse Analysis

Discourse Analysis (8) The relationship between language and its medium in the following diagram: language (abstraction) | mediums (concrete) / \ speech <=> writing
Discourse Analysis (7) a) Writing is a relatively recent development in human society; b) Thousands of speech communities rely solely on speech; c) All of us speak a great deal more than we write; d) Although we acquire speech without conscious effort, learning to read and write is usually less spontaneous and less automatic.
Discourse Analysis (16) Linguistics is entrusted with providing answers to the following questions: 1. “What is language?” 2. “How does language work?” 3. “What do all languages have in common?” 4. “What range of variation is found among languages?” 5. “Why do languages change?” 6. “To what extent are social class differences reflected in language?”
Discourse Analysis (11) Speech Writing Associative Logical The components of language Language - phonology (sounds) --< --< morphology (meaningful combinations of sounds) > lexis (words) > syntax (meaningful combinations of words) > semantics (meaning)
Discourse Analysis (4)
Definition of “language” language” “Language is a generative system of arbitrary, vocal, visual and conventionalized symbol used universally and mainly by human beings in speech community or culture for communication.” communication.” key words & expressions: generative system arbitrary vocal visual conventionalized
Discourse Analysis (2)
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b) c) d)
Lecture on theoretic points, which is intended to give students some guiding ideas to understand the course; Discussion on the key points within the group or class activities; Course project along with the presentation; Tutorial will be much encouraged between teacher & students and it will be done by taking advantage of internet
Discourse Analysis (6)
Conclusion: Humans have learnt to make infinite use of finite means. Language & medium A language is an abstraction based on the linguistic behavior of its users. “Speech is primary” and this statement is true in many ways:
Discourse Analysis (15) Definition of “linguistics” linguistics” 1) “the science of language” or language” “scientific study of language” language” 2) “the branch of knowledge that deals with language” language” 3) “the systematic (scientific) study of language” language” The tasks for linguistics:
Discourse Analysis (10) Speech Writing Transitory; Relatively permanent; Perceived by the ear; Perceived by the eye; Addressee present; Addressee absent; Immediate feedback; Feedback delayed; Meaning helped by Meaning must be made context, body move- clear within the movement, gestures; context; Spontaneous; Not spontaneous;
Discourse Analysis (3) The assessment & evaluation of the course will be based on a) Class attendance and class performance: (10%) b) Assignment and other relevant work: (15%) c) Course papers (Two): (10% for each); d) Course examination: (55% )
Discourse Analysis (5)
symbol universally mainly human beings speech community/culture communication Implications about the definition: 1) It is the use of language that makes human beings human; 2) Language seems to be as old as our species; 3) Nothing in the animal kingdom even approximates to human language for flexibility, complexity, precision, productivity and sheer quantity.
Discourse Analysis (13)
Definition of “text” text” Strictly, it refers to a written text in the usual sense. When it is extended by some linguists to cover a coherent stretch of speech, it includes a conversation or other interchange involving two or more participants, as well as stretches of writing. Hence often equivalent to “discourse, itself extended from similar motives.”
Discourse Analysis (9) Differences between speech & writing Speech: Writing: Composed of sounds ; Composed of letters Makes use of intonation Makes use of puncpunc,pitch, rhythm, tempo; tuation and other gragraphological devices like italics; Produced effortlessly, Produced with efforteffortno tools required; tools required;
Discourse Analysis (12)
Concluding remarks: When we have examined these levels and the way they interact, we will have acquired the necessary tools to study language in general (linguistics), the variety in language and the uses to which people put languages (sociolinguistics), the ways in which people teach and learn languages (applied linguistics) and the value of the study of language in understanding the human mind (psycholinguistics).
Discourse Analysis (14) Definition of “text linguistics” linguistics” The linguistic analysis and description of extended “texts, either written or spoken. Originally in German (textlinguistik) and involving in particular the concept of text grammar, or generative grammar of texts, analogous to a grammar generating sentences.
Discourse Analysis (1)
Course Orientation: Aims: This course provides a general introduction of ‘discourse, text, text organization, conversational analysis, among wenku.baidu.comthers’, which will help students to have a good command of the means with which to look into the use of language.