定语从句讲解总结,推荐文档

定语从句讲解

一.定语从句

1. 注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词

的前面，

女口：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy

是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，

女口：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。

④.The lady carried a bag full of mo ney. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。

⑤.He is the man who you are looki ng for. 她就是你在找的人。

2. 分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。

如上面第5: 主句：He is the man

从句：who you are look ing for

在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。

3. 从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成：

He is the man you are looking for.

二.定语从句(从句部分)

1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语

2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后

Those who are willi ng to atte nd the party, sig n here please.

3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词

(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词，

女口:some-, any-, every- 禾口no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those 等代词。

数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：

①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visit ing.

②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places we can visit (them ) in China.

4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词

关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as 。

关系副词：when, where, why 。 that偶尔也作关系副词。

5、确定关系词的步骤

(1 )先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。

(2 )看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

一.关系代词which的用法

1. English is a Ianguage.

It isjspoke n all over the world.

=> En glish is a Ian guage which is spoke n all over the world. 英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。

2. He looked for a car. ___

The engine of the car was in_good con diti on.

=>He looked for a car the engine of which was in good con diti on.

3. Where is the parcel?

We received it this morni ng.

=> Where is the parcel (which) we received this morni ng? 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里?二•关系代词that的用法

1. He 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair. 他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。

2. Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like. 棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。

三.注意that/ which 区别：

在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which

(1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰

1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experie need. 今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。

(2)先行词被序数词修饰

2. The first thing (that) you have to do is to study mathematics.

你必须做的第一件事就是学习数学。

(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。

3. The driver and the car that had fallen into the sea were quickly recovered.

掉到海里的司机和车子很快就被捞起来了。

(4)主句中已有疑问词who或which 时

4.1 Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 在大会上被表扬的那位妇女是谁?

4.2 Which is the picture (that) Mary painted? 哪一幅是Mary 画的画？

(5) 先行词被 only 、any 、few 、little 、no 、all 、one of 、the same 、the very 等修饰时。

5. Li Mi ng is the only one that wants to be a teacher.

李明是唯一一个想当老师的学生之一。

(6) 先行词为 all 、much 、little 、none 、few 、one 、something 、anything 等不定代词时。

6.1 All (that) he said was not true.

他所说的并非全是真的。

6.2 We have n't got much that we can offer you.

我们没有多少东西能身你们提供。

6.3 My brother fixed almost an ythi ng that needed repairi ng.

我哥哥几乎修理了任何一个需要修理的东

西。

(7 )有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用

which,另一个宜用that.

7. Edis on built up a factory which produced things that had n ever been see n before.

爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。 在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用

which 而不用that

(1) 可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个主句或主句中的一部分。 (2) 可用于介词之后，即介词 + which ( 代物)。 1.1s that the man?

You lent the money to him. ____

Is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to _ .

那位就是跟你借钱的人吗？

Is that the man to whom you lent the money ?(

这里的 whom 不能被 that 代替)

2. The train for which I am waiti ng is now half an hour late. 那班我正在等的火车现在已晚了半小时。

3. This is the habit which you must try to do with.

___ 这是你必须改掉的习惯。

(如果是固定短语，介词不能被提到关系代词前)

2. This is the teacher who often tells jokes.

五.关系词 who 与that

的区别

关系词 who 与that

指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词

(1 )当主句是there be

句型时，关系词用 who 。

四.关系代词who/whom 的用法

这位就是和我一起工作的人

1. This is the man with whom I worked. 这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。