城市经济学双语课件(东北财经大学 王雅丽)

urban economics
1 2007-10-22
The law of urbanization economy
z agriculture
较优势
surplus and Comparative advantage 农业剩余与比
z Non-agricultural
industry 非农产业 z agglomeration economy 集聚经济 z spillover effect 外溢效应
5 2007-10-22
urban economics
The History of World Urbanization
z The
History of world city History of world Urbanization
– The defensive city and religious city – Feudal cities and Mercantile cities
z The
– Agriculture and manufacturing – Intercity and intracity transportation – Construction methods
z The
urban economics
History of Chinese Urbanization
16 2007-10-22
urban economics
Urban giants: the puzzle of the large primary city
z The
role of trade z The effect of trade restrictions
urban economics
17 2007-10-22
urban economics 14 2007-10-22
The analysis of market areas
z pricing
with a monopolist z Efficiency trade-offs z Market areas z Determinants of the market area: fixed demand z Market areas and the law of demand
History of World Urbanization
urban economics
2 2007-10-22
catalogue目录
z z z z z z z z z z z
Introduction 导论 Chapter1：basic issue in development of cites Chapter2 Chapter3 Chapter4 Chapter5 Chapter6 Chapter7 Chapter8 Chapter9 Chapter10
urban economics 2 2007-10-22
The operation mechanism of urbanization economy
z z
运行的增长机制
Output industry: the increasing mechanism of urbanization economy operation输出产业：城市化经济 From specialization to integration: the changing mechanism of character of city in operation of urbanization economy 从专业化到综合化：城市化经济运行 From monocentric city to multi-center city: the spatial enhancement of urbanization economy 从 City-chain: the regionalization of urbanization economy 城市连绵体：城市化经济运行的区域化
urban economics 15 2007-10-22
Central place theory
z two
question:
– Haw many cities will develop? – Why are some cities larger than others?
zA
simple central place model
urban economics 8 2007-10-22
Transfer-oriented industrial firms
z
Four assumptions
⊿Single output ⊿Single transferable input ⊿Fixed-factor proportions ⊿Fixed prices
urban economics
6 2007-10-22
Where Do Cities Develop?
Commercial firms and trading cities z Transfer-oriented industrial firms
z
– Resource-oriented firms – Market-oriented firms
– Most location decisions involve an urban choice – Most important problems caused by location choices occur in urban areas – Most issue relative location and spatial but not only
economies z Agglomerative economies in marketing: shopping externalities
urban economics 5 2007-10-22
Figure 2：benefits and costs of labor pooling
labor
Chapter 2 The operation mechanism of urbanization economic
z z
The law of urbanization economy 城市 化经济定律 The operation mechanism of urbanization economy城市化经济运行机理
urban economics
3 2007-10-22
What Is Urban Economics
z The
location choices of firms and households z The spatial aspects of urban problem and public polity z Why isn't it called location economics or spatial economics?
urban economics 4 2007-10-22
What Is an Urban Area
z z z z z z z z
Town or urban place 城镇 City 城市 urban area，城区 Central City or Central Place 中心城市或中心地 urbanized area 城市化地区 metropolitan area，MA 大城市地区 metropolitan statistical area，MSA 大城市统计区 Consolidated metropolitan statistical area，MSA 大城市联合统计区
z
Resource-oriented firms资源导向型企业
– Monetary weight = (physical weight of the input) ·(transportation rate)
z z
Market-oriented firms市场导向型企业
– Weight-gaining activity
10 2007-10-22
Total transport costs for a marketoriented firm
urban economics
11 2007-10-22
principle of median location
z Location
choice with multiple markets z Median location and growth of cities z Transshipment points and port cities z Median location and cities
6 2007-10-22
Chapter 1
basic issue in development of cites
z Why
Do Cities Exist? Do Cities Develop?
z Where z How
urban economics
Many Cities?
1 2007-10-22
Why Do Cities Exist?
z Comparative z Internal
advantage economies
2 2007-10-22
scale economies
z Agglomerative
urban economics
Comparative advantage
服装
P A′
服装
P F B′ C
0
A
P
食品
0
B
P 食品
Figure 1 生产者的比较优势分析
z Location
at transshipment points （ports, crossroads, railroad junctions, river junctions） z Business services （banking, insurance, bookkeeping, machine repair, auction sale）
Agglomerative economies
z Localization economies –Scale economies in intermediate inputs –Labor-market pooling –Knowledge spillovers –Where do the clusters develop –The incubator process z Urbanization
The principle of median location z Firms oriented toward local inputs
z
urban economics
城
土地 租 金
城市
产业
市
市场 价 格
7 2007-10-22
利润
Commercial firms and trading cities
z
urban economics 13 2007-10-22
How Many Cities?
z The
analysis of market areas z Central place theory z Urban giants: the puzzle of the large primary city
Intermediate location
– Terminal costs – Line-haul economies
urban economics
9 2007-10-22
Total transport costs for a resource-oriented firm
urban economics
Urban Economics
Wang-yali gives a lecture
2003-2004 academic year term 2
urban economics
1 2007-10-22
Introduction 导论
z What z What z The
Is Urban Economics? Is an Urban Area?
urban economics 3 2007-10-22
Internal scale economies
z z
Definiens Reasons
– Factor specialization – Indivisible inputs – Market area
urban economics
4 2007-10-22
urban economics
Biblioteka Baidu
12 2007-10-22
Firms oriented toward local inputs
Energy input z Labor z Intermediate input: localization and urbanizations economies z Local public services and taxes z Several local input z Location choices and land rent