高考英语阅读词义猜测

阅读专题二. 英语阅读词义猜测

◎设问形式

The underlined word...in the second (third…) paragraph refers to (means) saying...in the firs (second…) paragraph, the author means that ____ __.

In paragraph …, …can be replaced by ______.

The meaning of …in paragraph…is related to ______.

Which of the following has the closest meaning to...?

The underlined sentence in the …paragraph probably means that _____.

◎词义猜测方法：

1.definition 定义法

2. contrast 对比法

3. similarity 相似法

4. cause and effect 因果法

5. examples 举例法

6. word formation 构词法

7. context 上下文

8. common sense 普通常识

一、定义法

通过对其定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来推测出它的词义。常用“to be called, be defined as, be known as, to mean, to refer to, that is (to say), in other words, namely”等词语来提示。还有一些标点符号，如：冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要解释前文。如：

1. The schools are reluctant to take time off --- even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. (06福建A)

A.kind

B. unwilling

C. free

D. careless

2. Here is the Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar, and reindeer with surprising sauces. (04 福建E)

A.Place in which you can see many mobile homes

B.Mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

C.Town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

D.Restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

3.It will be very hard but very brittle-- that is, it will break easily.

A.fragile

B. soft

C. weak

D. strong

4. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ( )

二、对比法

通过前面或后面出现的反义词或对比词语推知生词的意思。体现对比关系的词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号分号也可表示对比。如：

1. Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than

under-exercising or overeating.（05 天津 D）

A.adult education

B. childhood overweight

C. parents’ influence

D. growing pains

2．We tried to borrow white shirts everywhere so as to take part in the evening party. But we tried in vain. Every one of us looked disappointed at the bad news.

A. in surprise

B. uselessly

C. in silence

D. usually

3. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

A. late

B. slowly

C. punctual

D. quickly

4. My mind was in a million different places. Thanks to the strict training, Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident.

A. She was absent-minded

B. She was nervous

C. She was excited

D. She was curious.

5.

The main point of the plan is clear to me, but the details are still hazy. ( )

三相似法

所谓同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词意都属于同一义域。通常有并列连词and或者or等作同等关系的标志词。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similar等。如：

new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

A. supervise

B. review

C. take the place of

D. star t to enforce

2. Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats, often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause right waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests。（06 重庆 E）

A. impossible to make sure of

B. likely to be protected