名词性从句讲解归纳及例题

名词性从句讲解归纳及例题

在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词（或关联词）引导。常用的连接词有：

注意：1.它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义；2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语；3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。

Do you know whom they are looking for?

I don’t know who did it.

She asked me where I had been.

Can you tell me when the train will arrive?

I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet.

He didn’t tell me what you were doing.

What you have done might do harm t other people.

I don’t know where he is now.

Where he went for his weekend is not known.

What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend. 2.做名词性从句的题的三大步：一分，二划，三看，即一分句子结构，二划从句类型，三看句意完整否。

下面我们再分别讲述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。

一、主语从句

1．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）

That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.）

We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house.

2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。常用it作形式主语的句行有：

it+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,good,possible,likely ,certain,probable)

②it +be+noun-phrases(no wonder,an honour,a pity,no surprise)

③it+be+p.p(said,reported,thought,believed,)

④it+be +vi(seem,happen，come about，occur,matter,count,makeno difference,remain,，strike) Eg:It is important that he should come on time.

It is a pity that Prof. Wang can’t attend ou r English Evening.

It remains to be seen whether the ex-president will be sentenced to death.

3．whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if 不能引导主语从句。whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”，常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不与or not连用。作介词宾语时不用if如：

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能来还是不能来，告诉我一声。

Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系。

Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether …. 她是否来还不清楚。It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation..

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

She asked me whether/if you were married.

二、宾语从句

在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。

1．that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略

I really feel she’s making a mistake. 我的确感到她正犯错误。

I suggested that we should go home. 我建议我们回家去。（虚

拟语气，that 一般不能省略。）

2．在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词的宾语从句中，否定不用在从句中，而是将think 等词变为否定形式。同时注意反义疑问句的变法。

I d on’t think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没什么意

思。

例题1.I don’t suppose any one will volunteer,______?

A. do I

B.don’t I

C. will they

D.won’t they 例题2.Mrs black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera,______?

A.is he

B.isn’t he

C.doesn’t she

D.does she

3．如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take….for granted等。如：

George made it clear that he opposed this project. 乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目。it 代表that 引导的句子，作宾语，clear 是宾语补足语。

They kept it quiet that he was dead. 对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣。

I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. 我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。

三、同位语从句

同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后