工程项目管理-英文课件-ProjectOrganization.ppt

Development of Organization Theory
Max Weber
bureaucracy is objective and impersonal benefits of rationality (formal authority) types of social action: formal rationality, substantive rationality, affectional, traditional three types of legitimate ’Herrschaft’: rational, traditional, charismatic
Classical Organization Theory
The classical organization theory is focused on the mechanism of power, authority, and control
Three types of organizations
Project Management
Project Organization Jiwei Ma
Content
Introduction Organization theory Basic organization types Project organization and project Project team building
The structural components of a system
Organization structure Task breakdown and responsibility definition Management functionalities arrangement
The mechanism and procedure of a system
Introduction
Project organization is the foundation of project management Project objective is decisive to project organization Project organization is designed mainly to carry out project controlling
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Brigade
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Regiment
Battalion Battalion Battalion Company Company
Company
Division of work - Repetition of the same function brings speed and accuracy. Thus work should be divided according to skill and technical expertise Authority and responsibility Authority is linked to responsibility, and together require increasing
Fredrick Winslow Taylor
Scientific Management: method to discover the most efficient working techniques for manual forms of labor close supervision of highly specified physical work managerial control
Karl Marx
Relationships between the organization and individuals, fundamental antagonism between labor and the interests of capital
Emile Durkheim
increasing specialization, hierarchy, interdependence of work tasks formal and informal aspects of organization tension between economic and human aspects
The modified organization theory has less idealistic assumption and established organization control principles with more practical realism Principles
Organization Structure
Hierarchical organization Functional organization Project organization Matrix organization ……
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Hierarchical Organization
A
B1
B2
B3
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Development of Organization Theory
Henry Fayol
universal principles for the rational administration of organizational activities principles: span-of-control, exceptions, departmentation, unity-of-command, hierarchy esprit de corps: unity of sentiment and harmony contribute to the functioning of an organization functions of manager: planning, organizing, command, coordination, control
Classical Organization Theory
Bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organization
A legal code shall be established for all members to obey The code form a system of abstract rules, and administration looks after the interest of the organization within the limit of this system The person exercising authority also obeys this impersonal order Only through being a member does the member obey the law Obedience is due not to the person who holds the authority but to the impersonal order which has granted him this position
Project Objective and Project Organization
Objective Methods & Tools Methods & Tools
Production methods and tools Management methods and tools Production personnel Management personnel
Organization Theory Modified
Principles
Equity – employees must be treated equally and fairly Stability of tenure of personnel – a period of stability will help employees to delivery their best Esprit de corps – dividing one’s own team is a grave sin against the business
Provide a key to modern organization and possible approach to current organizational solutions Unable to explain many modern practices contradictory to the principles due to the limits
Charismatic authority Based on the sacred or outstanding characteristic of the individual Traditional authority Essentially a respect for custom Rational legal authority Based on code or set of rules The last one was regarded as the predominant form of organization
Organization Theory Modified
Principles
Discipline – essential for the smooth running of an organization Unity of command – an employee should receive orders from one superior only Unity of direction – One and one plan for a group having the same objective Remuneration of personnel Assure fairness Encourage keenness by rewarding well-directed effort Avoid over-payment beyond reasonable limits
the behaving mechanism to avoid corruption, unfairness, and nepotism within the organization instead of the slow, rigid and inefficient bureaucracy
Organization Theory Modified
The mechanism of material flow The mechanism of information flow
Development of Organization Theory
Adam Smith
efficiency on division of labor of organization social structure
Classical Organization Theory
The theory is based on the assumption of formal and total rationality Isolated from the environment The primary concern of the theory is
People Organization
Organization Model
Environment
Social structure
Culture
ORG
Physical Structure
Technology
Organization Theory
Organization theory studies,