有机化学课后答案-3不饱和烃

6 4、答案：
CH3
5 CH2
4 3 CH = C
2 CH2
1 CH3
CH2CH3 7 8
3－乙基－3－己烯
sp2杂化碳原子：3，4 sp3杂化碳原子：1，2，5，6，7，8 sp2-sp3型的σ 键有3个，sp3-sp3型的σ键有3个，sp2-sp2型的σ 键有1个。
5、答案：
a
O
CH2
c
CH3CHCH2OH CH3
CH3 C=C H
H
反-4-甲基-2-戊烯
H
CH(CH3)2
e.
CH3 C=C H
CH=CH2 H
3Z-1，3-戊二烯
CH3 C=C H
H
3E-1，3-戊二烯
CH=CH2
H C=C C2H5 C=C H
H
f.
H CH3 C=C H
H CH3 C=C H H C=C H
H C=C C2H5 H
(2Z,4Z)-2,4-庚二烯
1－己烯 正己烷 无反应 Br2 / CCl4 or KMnO4 褪色 1－己烯 正己烷
13、答案： 15、答案：
CH3 C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 + C CH3 CH3 _ H
+
CH3
H
+
CH3
CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH=C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3
H2
+
O3 Zn,H2O
+
HCHO
17、答案：c. 18、答案：
CH2=CCH=CHCH=CH2 CH3
d.
CH2=CHC
(2)
CH
(1) CH3CH2CH2C 戊炔 (3) CH3CH2C 2-戊炔 (5)
CH
(CH3)2CHC
3-甲基丁炔
CH
CCH3
(4)
CH2=CHCH=CHCH3
1,3-戊二烯
+
CH3
16、答案：
CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 KMnO4 H
+
» ò (CH3)2CHCH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2COOH (CH3)2CHCOOH CH3CH2CH2CHO (CH3)2CHCHO CO2
CH3 CH2=CHCCH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 CH3
CH2=CCH2CH2CH3
d.
CH2 CH3
CH3
2,3－二甲基－1－戊烯
e.
CH3 CH2=CCH3
f.
CH3CH2CHC=CH2 CH3
g.
CH3CH2 C=C CH3
CH3
h.
CH2CH3
CH3C=CCH2CH3
2- 甲基-3-乙基-2-己烯 CH3 CH2CH2CH3
b CH3CHCCHCH3 CH3 CH3
CH CH2 CH CH2
d
CH3CHCH2CH2Cl CH3
8、答案： c、d、e、f有顺反异构
c.
C2H5 C=C H
CH2I
顺-1-碘-2-戊烯
C2H5 C=C H
H CH2I
反-1-碘-2-戊烯
H
d.
CH3 C=C H
CH(CH3)2
顺-4-甲基-2-戊烯
3、答案：
(1) CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 戊烯 (2)
CH2=CHCH(CH3)2 3-甲基丁烯
CH2=CCH2CH3 (3) CH3
(5)
2-甲基丁烯
(4)
CH3CH=CCH3 CH3
2-甲基-2-丁烯
CH3 C=C H
H CH2CH3
CH2CH3 CH3 C=C H H
反-2-戊烯
顺-2-戊烯
CH3C=CH2 Br
f.
H3CC CH
+
Br2
h.
H3CC CH
+
HBr
HgBr2
CH3C=CH2 Br HBr
i.
H3CC CH + H2
Lindlar cat
CH3CH=CH2
(CH3)2CHBr
21、答案：
a. CH3CH2CH2C CH CH3CH2C CCH 3 HCl (过量) H
+
CH3 H
H (2E,4Z)-2,4-庚二烯
C2H5
CH3 C=C H H
H C=C C2H5
(2E,4E)-2,4-庚二烯
(2Z,4E)-2,4-庚二烯
11、答案：
a. CH3CH2CH=CH2 H2SO4 CH3CH2CH CH3 OSO2OH b. (CH3)2C=CHCH3 HBr (CH 3)2C-CH 2CH3 Br c. CH3CH2CH=CH2 1). BH3 2). H2O2 , OH H2O / H
1molHBr CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2 2mol HBr
CH3CHBrCH2CH=CH2 CH3CHBrCH2CHBrCH3
+ －
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
d.
CH3CH2CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH-CH 3 OH
e.
(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3 CH2=CHCH2OH
1). O3 2). Zn , H2O CH3COCH 3 Cl2 / H2O
+ CH3CH2CHO
f.
ClCH2CH-CH 2OH OH
12、答案：
CH2=CHC=CH2 CH3
2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯
(6)
CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2
1,4-戊二烯
(7) CH2=C=CHCH2CH3 1,2-戊二烯 (9)
(8)
CH3CH=C=CHCH3
2,3-戊二烯
CH2=C=CCH3 CH3
3-甲基-1,2-丁二烯
19、答案：
a. c. HC CH + H2 HC CH + H2O Lindlar cat H2SO4 HgSO4 e. H3CC CH HgBr2 HBr H2C CH2 CH3CHO HBr d. b. HC CH Ni / H2 HgCl2 CH3CH3 CH2=CHCl HC CH + HCl Br CH3-C CH3 Br CH3C=CHBr Br g. H3CC CH + H2O H2SO4 HgSO4 CH3COCH 3
Cl CH3CH2CH2C Cl CH3CH2COOH + CH3COOH CH3
b.
+ KMnO4
c. d.
CH3CH2C CCH3 + CH2=CHCH=CH2 CH3CH2C CH + +
H2O
H2SO4 HgSO4
CH3CH2CH2COCH3
+ CH3CH2COCH2CH3
CH2=CHCHO HCN CH3CH2C=CH2 CN
CHO
e.
22、答案： CH3CHCH2C CH
H3C
23、答案：
A:
CH3CH2CH2CH2C
CH
B: CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3
24、答案：
1molHBr CH2=CHCH=CH2 2mol HBr CH3CH=CHCH2Br CH3CHBrCHBrCH3
+
CH3CHBrCH=CH2
+
CH3CHBrCH2CH2Br
第三章
a. 2－乙基－１－丁烯 c. 3,5－二甲基－３－庚烯
不饱和烃
b. 2－丙基－１－己烯 d. 2,5－二甲基－２－己烯
1、 用系统命名法命名下列化合物
2、写出下列化合物的结构式或构型式，如命名有误，予以更正。
a.
CH3C=CHCHCH3 CH3 CH3
b.
CH3CH2CH=CH2
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1－丁烯
c.