9[1].翻译技巧之减词法

五. 动词省略
• When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. • 气压低，沸点就低。 • This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies. • 这个激光束的频率范围很窄。 • These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. • 这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。
• Whether the laws are good or bad, they cannot complain, they cannot question, they cannot suggest changes. • 无论法律是否公正，他们都无法抱怨、无法 质疑、无法建议修改。
• 2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可以省略， 翻译成无主句。 • As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano. • 一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。 • One can never be too careful in one’s work. • 工作越仔细越好。 • Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. • 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 • We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. • 一周有七天，一天有24小时。
• The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. • 人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得 什么样的东西。 • Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. • 知识是人到老年舒适而又必须的归宿。如果年 轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树阴的 遮蔽。
• 她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额，脸是短 短的，上唇也是短短的，露出亮亮的牙齿； 眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。
• 5. “It‖ 作代词时，也常常可以省略。 • It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it. • 说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。 • Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. • 外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。
• Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. • 任何物质，无论是固体、液体还是气体，都由原子组成。 • A teacher should have patience in his work. • 当老师的应当有耐心。 • Things of a kind come together; people of a mind fall into the same group. • 物以类聚，人以群分。 • The horse is a useful animal. • 不可省略： • Jack often drives at 90 miles an hour. • We enclose a cheque for US $ 10,000. • How do you like the film?
翻译技巧之减词法
Omission
减词法(omission)
• 减词法是对原文中的某些词语略而不译。 这是出自于译语行文习惯的需要而采用的 一种翻译技巧。 • 有些词语在英语中必不可少，但在汉语中 就未必如此。 • 减词不减义
（一）句法性减词 • 1.代词省略 • 2.连词省略 • 3.冠词省略 • 4.介词省略 • 5.动词省略
• 只是那时我才开始怀疑我的经历究竟能不能公之于众 。 • It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own home. • 他费了不少劲才找到家。
二.连词省略
• 英语重形合，词与词，短语之间，句子 之间的关系，主要通过连词表达；而汉 语重意合，词与词之间靠顺序体现，句 子之间的关系也往往通过句序体现。翻 译时，可以根据实际情况省略连词。
• 火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用两条巨大的 胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后走了。 • Halliday put his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and turned his face towards the window. • 哈利德放下烟斗，两手交叉放在脖子后面，转过头去 看窗户。
• 3. 作宾语的代词,翻译时也可以省略. • Please take off the old picture and throw it away. • 请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。 • Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testing them, and organizing findings– this is all work of science. • 收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以 及整理研究成果——这全都是科学工作的内容。
• 把汉语翻译成英语或写作McCrum (in 周志培， 2003：380）举了一 个新加坡华人写的英语句子 ： • “Yes Madam, quite big family!—eight children, six sons, two daughters. Big family! Ha! Ha! No good. Madam. In those days, where got family planning in Singapore. • （哪里有计划生育）
（二）修辞性减词 • 1. 原文重复词语或 同义词省略 • 2. 不言而喻词语的 省略
(一)、句法性省略
• 汉语没有冠词，代词（尤其是人称代词、 关系代词）、连词、介词、关系副词等用 的也远远比英语少。上述词类汉译时往往 省略，省略后意思反而更为简洁。
一.代词省略
• 1. 在英语中，代词充当主语的情况相当多 。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑，避免重 复用词，汉语习惯采用无主句，其主语就是 前面的代词。 • He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. • 他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子。
• 4. 物主代词在英语中出现的频率非常高，翻译时完全 可以省略他们。 • So the train came, he pinched his little sister lovingly, and put his great arms about his mother’s neck and then was away.
三. 冠词省略
• The article is the hallmark of English. However, we do not have the articles in Chinese. • The moon was slowly rising above the sea. • 月亮从海边慢慢升起。 • Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. • 冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽然树叶落了 ，树枝光了，但树本身却是美丽的。
• Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.
四. 介词省略
• Smoking is prohibited in public places. • 公共场所禁止吸烟。 • Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. • 该国各地怨声载道。 • Rumours had already spread along the streets and lanes. • 各种流言传遍了大街小巷。 • 但是，动词后的介词一般不省略。 • He stood by the desk. • She hid behind the door.
He did not sleep much, but when he did he dreamed of beautiful princess, splendid castles, and gold and silver. • 他没睡多久，要是一入睡便梦到如花似 玉的公主，梦到富丽堂皇的城堡，梦到 黄金，梦到白银。(杨莉藜《英汉互译 教程》河南大学出版社)
• If winter comes, can spring be far behind? • (Shelly, Ode to the West Wind) • 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ • As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. • 沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。
(二)、修辞性减词
• 修辞性减词是从译文修辞角度考虑，省略 英文中的某些词语。这些词语的涵义在译 文中虽无其字但已有其意，如果不将其省 略，就可能造成译文语意的重复或累赘。
一. 原文重复词语或同义词省略
• To our knowledge, advertisement and commercials do many important things for society; they convey business information, facilitate communication and help keep the business world moving. • 据我们所知，广告在社会中起着重要的作用：传 递商品信息，促进交流，使商界正常运作。
• ―It‖ 用于强调句中，没有实际意义，也要省略。 • It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. • 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。 • It was only then I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told.
• University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. • 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先。 • There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. • 没有下雪，但已叶落草枯。