标准培训教材-英文ppt

2 1/2 Days per Century
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1 Misspelled Word in
a set of Encyclopedias
$570 Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets
30 Minutes per Century
6
1 Misspelled Word in all
标准培训教材-英文ppt
2020年5月24日星期日
6 Overview
“Six Sigma”
• If we can’t express what we know in the form of numbers, we really don’t know much about it.
• If we don’t know much about it, we can’t control it.
• Benchmark and Baseline Processes
• Calculate Yield and Sigma
Define Defect Opportunities
• Any step in the process where a Defect could occur in a CTQ
Look for Defects in Products or Services
• Count Defects or failures to meet CTQ requirements in all process steps
LSL
USL
“Upper Specification Limit”
Less Variation Means Fewer Defects & Higher Process Yields
6 Overview
Problem Solving Approach
Key Components of “BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”
6 Overview
Why Does GE Need A Quality Initiative?
Cost of Failure (% of Sales)
40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10%
5%
Defects per Million 3.4 Sigma 6
233 6210 66,807 308,537 500,000
GE Raising The Bar – New Goal to be “Best in the World” vs. #1 or #2 – Customers are Expecting More, we Must Deliver – “Ship-and-fix” Approach no Longer Tolerated in the Market – Aim to Speed Past Traditional Competitors in 5 Years – Goal Consistent with Reduced Total Costs
Deployment and Application of Six Sigma Concepts & Tools
Learning from Those Who Have had Success With 6Will Accelerate its Implementation at GE
6 Overview
Sigma Level
2 3 4 5 6
Defects per Million of Opportunity
PPM
308,537 66,807 6,210 233 3.4
Convert DPMO to Sigma
• Use the SIGMA TABLE
Arrive at DPMO
• Defects Per Million Opportunities
Time
Average Value
Many Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell Shape
6 Overview
Problem Solving Approach
Off-Target
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Center Process
On-Target
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
6 Overview
What Does “Sigma” Mean?
Sigma is a Measure of the Consistency of a Process
It (is Also the 18th Letter in the Greek Alphabet!
6 Overview
Why Does GE Need A Quality Initiative?
Measuring & Eliminating Defects is the “Core” of Six Sigma
6 Overview
Measurement System
Some Sigma “Benchmarks”
SIGMA LEVEL
DEFECTS per MILLION
OPPORTUNITY
time it would have taken to climb the learning curve on our own.”
John F. Welch, Jr. 1995 GE Annual Report
A Rigorous Method for Measuring & Controlling Our Quality
6 Overview
Problem Solving Approach
Off-Target
Target
Unpredictable
Target
LSL Defects
USL
Center Process
On-Target
Target
LSL
USL
Reduce Spread
“Lower Specification Limit”
6 Overview
Measurement System How Do We Arrive at Sigma?
Identify the CTQs
• “Critical to Quality” Characteristics or the Customer Requirements for a Product or Service
• Proven Method to Reduce Costs • Highly Quantitative Method – Science and Logic Instead of Gut Feel • Includes Manufacturing & Service (close to customer) and Provides Bridge
• If we can’t control it, we are at the mercy of chance.
Mikel J. Harry President & CEO Six Sigma Academy, Inc.
“...will bring GE to a whole new level of quality in a fraction of the
A Mix of Concepts and Tools
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control
• Identify CTQ & CTP (Critical to Process) Variables
• Do Process Mapping
• Develop and Validate Measurement Systems
We Must Acknowledge Our Vulnerabilities • Poor Quality That Impacts Customers • Problems with NPI • Too High Internal Costs
We Need a Major Initiative to Move From Where we Are to Where we Want to be
5
4
3
2
1
Estimated Cost of Failure in US Industry is 15% of Sales; Taking GE From a 3 to a 6 Company Will Save ~ $10.5 Billion per Year!
Why “Six Sigma”?
• Proven Successful in “Quality-Demanding” Industries e.g., Motorola, Texas Instruments (many process steps in series)
Average Company in 3 to 4Range
6 Overview
Measurement System
A Graphic/Quantitative Perspective on Variation
Number of People Arriving at CRD
7:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00 9:15
$2 Indebtedness
6 Seconds
of the Books in a Small
per $1 Billion in Assets
per Century
Library
6 is Several Orders of Magnitude Better Than 3!!!
6 Overview
Where Does “Six Sigma” Come From?
• Mikel J. Harry one of the Original Architects • Previously Headed Quality Function at ABB and Motorola • Now President/CEO of Six Sigma Academy in Phoenix, Arizona • Has Consulted for Texas Instruments, Allied Signal (and others) • Currently Retained by GE to Teach the Implementation,
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1 Misspelled Word
per 30 Pages in a Book
Money
$2.7 Million Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets
Time
3 1/2 Months per Century
$63,000 Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets
Unpredictable
X
X
XX X
X
X XX
X X
X
X X
Reduce Spread
6 Helps us Identify and Reduce VARIATION due to: - Insufficient Process Capability - Unstable Parts & Materials - Inadequate Design Margin
PPM
{ IRS Tax Advice
2
308,537
{ Restaurant Bills Airline Baggage Doctor’s Prescription
3
66,807
{ GE Average Company
4
6,210
5
233
6
3.4
{ Best Companies Airline Safety
So...What is Six Sigma?
• A Measurement System • A Problem-Solving Approach • A Disciplined Change Process
Measure
Analyze
Improve
Control
“THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY”
to Design for Quality Concepts • Has Support and Commitmeห้องสมุดไป่ตู้t of Top Management
It Works!!!
6 Overview
Sigma: A Measure of Quality
Sigma 3
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