人教新课标必修4Unit3语法讲解

the teacher making the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师
正在做实验）
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We sat an hour and watched the
teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。
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afraid of doing because they do not want to
appear a social _f_a_il_u_r_e_. On one occasion in
a restaurant he ordered a steak tartare.
When the uncooked meat arrived he was
（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） ② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定 式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复 动作。如：
We heard the door slam.(一次动作)
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Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didn’t notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰
名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用 或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状 态。如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
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drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
entrance.
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站 在大门口。
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We found the snake eating the eggs.
我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。
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3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形
式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示 （或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:
We passed by the classmates and saw
He put other pieces into his pocket.
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T_h_r_o_u_g_h_o_u_t the meal he seemed to show great _e_n_j_o_y_m__e_n_t_in his food. He was such an _o_u_t_s_t_a_n_d_in_g_ performer that when he finished eating his dinner, the waiter offered him the same dish again at on extra _c_h_a_r_g_e_!
在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。
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3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，
相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它 与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
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6. He admitted taking the money.
他承认钱是他拿的。
7. I couldn’t help laughing.
我禁不住笑了起来。
8. Your coat needs brushing.
你的大衣需要刷一下。
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-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法 一、-ing形式作定语
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Verb
perform humour astonish bore
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Noun charm entertainment
Verb charm entertain
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Adjective fortunate contented, content performing humorous astonishing bored, boring
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Adverb fortunately contentedly
humorously astonishingly boringly
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Adjective charming entertaining
Adverb
charmingly entertainingly
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They lived in a room facing the street.
= They lived in a room that faces the
street.
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s
father.
千万不能让他们等。
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2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的 有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
吸烟会致癌。
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3. Walking is my sole exercise.
散步是我唯一的运动。
4. Talking mends no holes.
（谚）空谈无济源自文库事。
5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.
我建议结束会议。
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
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2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语
补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 如：
They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.
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tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising
一个惊人的结果
2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰
的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定 语从句。如：
人教新课标必修4Unit3语法讲解
Grammar
Learning about language
1. Look at the reading passage again to find words and expressions that mean the same.
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Noun fortune contentment performer/ performance humour astonishment bore
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2. Answer key for Exercise 2.
In the 1990s, Mr. Bean became a star using mime to highlight difficult social situations much as Charlie Chaplin had done. His method of acting was to appear _u_n_c_e_r_t_a_in_, look around and then do exactly the wrong thing. Children particularly would burst into l_a_u_g_h_t_e_r at his behavior. He always managed to _p_i_ck__o_u_tthose things that people are
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I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I can’t get the clock going again. You won’t catch me doing that again.
这个结果很令人满意。
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They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room.
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting.
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
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The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
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二、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在
宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的 动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：
When we returned to the school,
we found a stranger standing at the
= The man who is standing there is
Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
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Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
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Revision
-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall.
对他说话等于对牛弹琴。
2. Smoking may cause cancer.
o_v_e_r_c_o_m__e by shame because he could not
eat it. He _c_u_t_o_f_f____ a piece of meat and
pretended to _c_h_e_w__ a mouthful but
instead put it into the plant pot beside him.