阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导-教师版资料

阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导

一、推理判断题常见提问方式

1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________.

2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________.

3. We can learn from the passage that ________.

4. The passage is intended to ________.

5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________.

6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________.

7. The passage may be a / an ________.

8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?

9. Which of the following might happen later?

10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?

二、选项特点分析

推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。

1．正确选项的特点：

（1）正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；

（2）正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；

（3）正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。

2．干扰选项的特点：

（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；

（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；

（3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；

（4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；

（5）部分选项的内容纯属编造。

三、推理判断题的解题方法

解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。

1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

【例1】

The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.

The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”.

A. Receivers

B. GPS devices

C. Satellites

D. Ground stations

【解析】根据这段文字，我们可以推断出They指的是ground stations（地面卫星接收站），故选D。【例2】

Cost

Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 years): half …

John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay?

A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20.

【解析】根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。

【例3】

A downside of plastic cash is that it costs more money to produce. Cash and money-counting machines will also have to be adapted to accept the new money.

What can you infer from Paragraph 6?

A. Plastic notes should be printed in cash machines.

B. There are some disadvantages of using plastic notes.

C. Every country will have to accept the new money.

D. Plastic notes should be produced by the cashiers.

【解析】第6段有两句话，主要讲了塑料钞票的缺点，四个选项中，B项正确。

2. 利用作者的思想感情、文字色彩进行推断。

有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。文章中的措辞会体现作者或者其他人物的思想倾向和感情色彩，这往往隐含在字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文章用词。

【例1】

Many people welcome the city’s growth. But an increasing number of Dubai natives worry about the speed of change. As a Dubai native says, “We must always remember where we came from. Our kids must know we worked very, very hard to get where we are now, and there’s a lot more work to do.”

In the last paragraph, what does the underlined part mean?

A. We should always visit Dubai.

B. We should learn from foreigners.

C. We must always remember our past.

D. We must only think about the future.

【解析】根据划线部分中的用词：must always, very, very hard…等可以断定，说话人非常重视迪拜的历史，强调不要忘本，尤其现在的孩子要知道他们父母奋斗的历史，故选C。我们也可以从四个选项上排除个别选项。选项A、D，太过绝对，根据常识，我们可以排除这两项。那么，我们就可以从B、C 两项中选。这时再读划线句子，很好排除选项B。

【例2】

Sylvan Goldman, an American supermarket owner, invented the shopping trolley (购物车) in the 1930s.

The word “________” can best describe Goldman.

A. funny

B. honest

C. creative

D. friendly

【解析】根据文中信息中的invented这个词，我们就可以推断出，Goldman是个有创新精神的人，故选C。

3. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断

有些文章具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。

【例3】

Cause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us. Many thing happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.

Which of the following is cause and effect?

A. Tony got up and had a glass of water.

B. We came home and found him sleeping.

C. The ball was lost and a window was broken.

D. Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.

【解析】我们根据常识即可知因果关系（cause and effect），故本题答案选D。

【例4】

Now some people may think I’m a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I know the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.