建筑常用专业名词中英文对照

建筑常用专业名词中英文对照
目录：
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据
b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段
c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件
d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称
e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚
f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)
g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟
h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯
j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语
（1）【Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】
（2）【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】
（3）【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】
（4）【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】
（5）【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】
（6）【Timber 木材】
（7）【Metallic Materials 金属材料】
（8）【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】
（9）【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】
（10）【Building Hardware 建筑五金】
（11）【Paint 油漆】
正文：
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据
计划建议书planning proposals
设计任务书design order
标准规范standards and codes
条件图information drawing
设计基础资料basic data for design
工艺流程图process flowchart
工程地质资料engineering geological data
原始资料original data
设计进度schedule of design
b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段
方案scheme, draft
草图sketch
会谈纪要summary of discussion/MOM (minutes of meeting)
谈判negotiation
可行性研究feasibility study
初步设计preliminary design
基础设计basic design
详细设计detail design
询价图enquiry drawing
施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as-built drawing
c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件
日照sunshine
风玫瑰wind rose
主导风向prevailing wind direction
最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load
最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall
雷击及闪电thunder and lightning
飓风hurricane
台风typhoon
旋风cyclone
降雨强度rainfall intensity
年降雨量annual rainfall
湿球温度wet bulb temperature
干球温度dry bulb temperature
冰冻期frost period
冰冻线frost line
冰冻区frost zone
室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区region with heating provision
不采暖地区region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure
相对湿度relative humidity
d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称
办公室office
服务用房service room
换班室shift room
休息室rest room (break room)
起居室living room
浴室bathroom
淋浴间shower
更衣室locker room
厕所lavatory
门厅lobby
诊室clinic
工作间workshop
电气开关室switchroom
走廊corridor
档案室archive
电梯机房lift motor room
车库garage
清洁间cleaning room
会议室(正式) conference room
会议室meeting room
衣柜间ward robe
暖风间H.V.A.C room
饭店restaurant
餐厅canteen, dining room
厨房kitchen
入口entrance
接待处reception area
会计室accountant room
秘书室secretary room
电气室electrical room
控制室control room
工长室foreman office
开关柜室switch gear
前室antecabinet (Ante.)
生产区production area
马达控制中心Mcc
多功能用房utility room
化验室laboratory room
经理室manager room
披屋(阁楼) penthouse
警卫室guard house
e. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚
女儿墙parapet
雨蓬canopy
屋脊roof ridge
坡度slope
坡跨比pitch
分水线water-shed
二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层extra ply of felt
檐口eave
挑檐overhanging eave
檐沟eave gutter
平屋面flat roof
坡屋面pitched roof
雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)
汇水面积catchment area
泛水flashing
内排水interior drainage
外排水exterior drainage
滴水drip
屋面排水roof drainage
找平层leveling course
卷材屋面built-up roofing
天棚ceiling
檩条purlin
屋面板roofing board
天花板ceiling board
防水层water-proof course
检查孔inspection hole
人孔manhole
吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling
檐板(窗帘盒) cornice
f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)
砖墙brick wall
砌块墙block wall
清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙rendered wall
石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙hollow brick wall
承重墙bearing wall
非承重墙non-bearing wall
纵墙longitudinal wall
横墙transverse wall
外墙external (exterior) wall
内墙internal (interior) wall
填充墙filler wall
防火墙fire wall
窗间墙wall between window
空心墙cavity wall
压顶coping
圈梁gird, girt, girth
玻璃隔断glazed wall
防潮层damp-proof course (D.P.C)
遮阳板sunshade
阳台balcony
伸缩缝expansion joint
沉降缝settlement joint
抗震缝seismic joint
复合夹心板sandwich board
压型单板corrugated single steel plate 外墙板cladding panel
复合板composite panel
轻质隔断light-weight partition
牛腿bracket
砖烟囱brick chimney
勒脚(基座) plinth
g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟
地坪grade
地面和楼面ground and floor
素土夯实rammed earth
炉渣夯实tamped cinder
填土filled earth
回填土夯实tamped backfill
垫层bedding course, blinding
面层covering, finish
结合层bonding (binding) course
找平层leveling course
素水泥浆结合层neat cement binding course
混凝土地面concrete floor
水泥地面cement floor
机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor
水磨石地面terrazzo flooring
马赛克地面mosaic flooring
瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring
油地毡地面linoleum flooring
预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring
硬木花地面hard-wood parquet flooring
搁栅joist
硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring
企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring
防酸地面acid-resistant floor
钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)
乙烯基地面vinyl flooring
水磨石嵌条divider strip for terrazzo
地面做2％坡floor with 2% slope
集水沟gully
集水口gulley
排水沟drainage trench
沟盖板trench cover
活动盖板removable cover plate
集水坑sump pit
孔翻边hole up stand
电缆沟cable trench
h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件镶板门panelled door
夹板门plywood door
铝合金门aluminum alloy door
卷帘门roller shutter door
弹簧门swing door
推拉门sliding door
平开门side-hung door
折叠门folding door
旋转门revolving door
玻璃门glazed door
密闭门air-Tight door
保温门thermal insulating door
镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door
防火门fire door
(大门上的)小门wicket
门框door frame
门扇door leaf
门洞door opening
结构开洞structural opening
单扇门single door
双扇门double door
疏散门emergency door
纱门screen door
门槛door sill
门过梁door lintel
上冒头top rail
下冒头bottom rail
门边木stile
门樘侧料side jumb
槽口notch
木窗wooden window
钢窗steel window
铝合金窗aluminum alloy window
百叶窗(通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗plastic steel window
空腹钢窗hollow steel window
固定窗fixed window
平开窗side-hung window
推拉窗sliding window
气窗transom
上悬窗top-hung window
中悬窗center-pivoted window
下悬窗hopper window
活动百叶窗adjustable louver
天窗skylight
老虎窗dormer window
密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing
钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel
钢筋砖过梁reinforced brick lintel
窗扇casement sash
窗台window sill
窗台板window board
窗中梃mullion
窗横木mutin
窗边木stile
压缝条cover mould
窗帘盒curtain box
合页(铰链) hinge (butts)
转轴pivot
长脚铰链parliament hinge
闭门器door closer
地弹簧floor closer
插销bolt
门锁door lock
拉手pull
链条chain
门钩door hanger
碰球ball latch
窗钩window catch
暗插销insert bolt
电动开关器electric opener
平板玻璃plate glass
夹丝玻璃wire glass
透明玻璃clear glass
毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)
防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass
石英玻璃quartz glass
吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass
磨光玻璃polished glass
着色玻璃pigmented glass
玻璃瓦glass tile
玻璃砖glass block
有机玻璃organic glass
I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯stair
楼梯间staircase
疏散梯emergency stair
旋转梯spiral stair (circular stair)
吊车梯crane ladder
直爬梯vertical ladder
踏步step
扇形踏步winder (wheel step)
踏步板tread
档步板riser
踏步宽度tread width
防滑条non-slip insert (strips)
栏杆railing (balustrade)
平台栏杆platform railing
吊装孔栏杆railing around mounting hole
扶手handrail
梯段高度height of flight
防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)
平台landing (platform)
操作平台operating platform
装卸平台platform for loading & unloading
楼梯平台stair landing
客梯passenger lift
货梯goods lift
客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift
液压电梯hydraulic lift
自动扶梯escalator
观光电梯observation elevator
电梯机房lift mortar room
电梯坑lift pit
电梯井道lift shaft
j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语（1）砖和瓦Bricks and Tiles
红砖red brick
粘土砖clay brick
瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)
防火砖fire brick
空心砖hollow brick
面砖facing brick
地板砖flooring tile
缸砖clinkery brick
马赛克mosaic
陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete
琉璃瓦glazed tile
脊瓦ridge tile
石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)
波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet
（2）Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石
石膏gypsum
大理石marble
汉白玉white marble
花岗岩granite
碎石crushed stone
毛石rubble
蛭石vermiculite
珍珠岩pearlite
水磨石terrazzo
卵石cobble
砾石gravel
粗砂course sand
中砂medium sand
细砂fine sand
（3）Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement
硅酸盐水泥silicate cement
火山灰水泥pozzolana cement
白水泥white cement
水泥砂浆cement mortar
石灰砂浆lime mortar
水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar
保温砂浆thermal mortar
防水砂浆water-proof mortar
耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar
耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar
沥青砂浆bituminous mortar
纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar
麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar
灰缝mortar joint
素混凝土plain concrete
钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete
轻质混凝土lightweight concrete
细石混凝土fine aggregate concrete
沥青混凝土asphalt concrete
泡沫混凝土foamed concrete
炉渣混凝土cinder concrete
（4）Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料
水刷石granitic plaster
斩假石artificial stone
刷浆lime wash
可赛银casein
大白浆white wash
麻刀灰打底hemp cuts and lime as base
喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash
分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned
板条抹灰lath and plaster
（5）Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材asphalt felt
沥青填料asphalt filler
沥青胶泥asphalt grout
冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer
沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic
沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum
石棉板asbestos sheet
石棉纤维asbestos fiber
（6）Timber 木材
裂缝crack
透裂split
环裂shake
干缩shrinkage
翘曲warping
原木log
圆木round timber
方木square timber
板材plank
木条batten
板条lath
木板board
红松red pine
白松white pine
落叶松deciduous pine
云杉spruce
柏木cypress
白杨white poplar
桦木birch
冷杉fir
栎木oak
榴木willow
榆木elm
杉木cedar
柚木teak
樟木camphor wood
防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber
胶合板plywood
三(五)合板3(5)-plywood
企口板tongued and grooved board
层夹板laminated plank
胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber
纤维板fiber-board
竹子bamboo
（7）Metallic Materials 金属材料
黑色金属ferrous metal
圆钢steelbBar
方钢square steel
扁钢steel strap,flat steel
型钢steel section (shape)
槽钢channel
角钢angle steel
等边角钢equal-leg angle
不等边角钢unequal-leg angle
工字钢I-beam
宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam
丁( 之)字钢T-bar (Z-bar)
冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled
冷轧cold-rolled
冷拉cold-drawn
冷压cold-pressed
合金钢alloy steel
钛合金titanium alloy
不锈钢stainless steel
竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar
变形钢筋deformed bar
光圆钢筋plain round bar
钢板steel plate
薄钢板thin steel plate
低碳钢low carbon steel
冷弯cold bending
钢管steel pipe (tube)
无缝钢管seamless steel pipe
焊接钢管welded steel pipe
黑铁管iron pipe
镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe
铸铁cast iron
生铁pig iron
熟铁wrought iron
镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet
镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire
钢丝网steel wire mesh
多孔金属网expanded metal
锰钢managanese steel
高强度合金钢high strength alloy steel
（8）Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属
金gold
白金platinum
铜copper
黄铜brass
青铜bronze
银silver
铝aluminum
铅lead
（9）Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料
聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene
尼龙nylon
聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
聚碳酸酯polycarbonate
聚苯乙烯polystyrene
丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin
乙烯基酯vinyl ester
橡胶内衬rubber lining
氯丁橡胶neoprene
沥青漆bitumen paint
环氧树脂漆epoxy resin paint
氧化锌底漆zinc oxide primer
防锈漆anti-rust paint
耐酸漆acid-resistant paint
耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint
水玻璃sodium silicate
树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar
环氧树脂epoxy resin
（10）Building Hardware 建筑五金
钉子nails
螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail
环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝screws
平头螺丝flat-head screw
螺栓bolt
普通螺栓commercial bolt
高强螺栓high strength bolt
预埋螺栓insert bolt
胀锚螺栓cinch bolt
垫片washer
（11）Paint 油漆
底漆primer
防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer
防腐漆anti-corrosion paint
调和漆mixed paint
无光漆flat paint
透明漆varnish
银粉漆aluminum paint
磁漆enamel paint
干性油drying oil
稀释剂thinner
焦油tar
沥青漆asphalt paint
桐油tung oil, Chinese wood oil
红丹red lead
铅油lead oil
装饰玻璃decorative glazing
夹层玻璃laminated glass
特种玻璃special function glass
镜子mirrors
有机玻璃plastic glazing
装玻璃用附件glazing accessories
玻璃薄膜glazing film
幕墙GLAZED CURTAIN WALLS
金属结构幕墙metal framed curtain wall
半透明墙和屋顶组合件translucent wall & roof assemblies 结构玻璃幕墙structural glass curtain walls
轻质板材LIGHT BOARD
龙骨系统MATEL SUPPORT ASSEMBLIES
非承重墙体龙骨non-load-bearing wall framing
顶棚悬吊体系ceiling suspension
成套内部骨架interior framing assemblies
灰浆和石膏板PLASTER & GYPSUM BOARD
石膏板，骨架及附件gypsum board, framing & accessories 面砖TILES
瓷砖ceramic tile
玻璃玛赛克glass mosaics
装饰石材TERRAZZO
预制水磨石制品precast terrazzo
吊顶CEILING
吸声吊顶acoustical ceilings
金属吊顶metal ceilings
轻质吊顶light-transmitting ceilings
地面装饰
砖石地面masonry flooring
木地面wood flooring
弹性地面resilient flooring
抗静电地面static control flooring
地毯地面carpet
地毯块carpet tile
墙面装饰WALL FINISHES
墙面装饰面层wall coverings
柔性木墙板flexible wood sheets
隔(吸)音绝缘和嵌缝材料acoustical insulation and sealants
油漆及涂料PAINTINGS AND COATINGS
涂料paints
着色及透明面层stains and transparent finishes
装饰面层decorative finishes
高性能面层high-performance coatings
阻燃面层fire-retardant coatings
防化学腐蚀涂料chemical resistant coatings
面层胶粘剂finish adhesives
厕所隔断10155-toilet compartments
通风和排气口10200-LOUVERS AND VENTS
壁炉和火炉FIREPLACES AND STOVES
指示装置IDENTIFYING DEVICES
指示牌和公告板10410-directories & bulletin boards
锁LOCKERS
锁和附件10501-locker accessories & locks
遮阳（雨）篷10536-awnings
隔断PARTITIOINS
钢丝网隔墙10605-wire mesh partitions
可拆卸隔墙10615-demountable partitions
活动隔墙，屏网和隔板10630-portable partitions, screens & panels
采光板10730-daylighting panels
壁柜和衣橱专用制品WARDROBE AND CLOSET SPECIALTIES
衣帽架及附件10914-hat & coat racks & accessories
装饰织物FABRICS
工艺品ARTWORK
建筑古玩architectural antiques
中国古建筑装饰材料
碧饰、壁画murals
墙面装饰品wall decorations
雕刻或雕塑/浮雕饰品carved or cast sculpture/relief artwork
玻璃艺术制品art glass
箱，柜及台架制品MANUFACTURED CASEWORK
实验室台柜laboratory casework
展示台柜display casework
室内用品及附件FURNITURE ACCESSORIES
遮阳板和窗帘blinds, shades & shutters
帷幔和窗帘五金drapery & curtain hardware
电动控制五金-用于百叶、帷幕及窗帘motorized hardware-blinds，shades，draperies 家具FURNITURE
敞开式办公系统open office systems
办公室家具office furniture
座椅seating
室外家具outdoor furniture
住宅家具residential furniture
固定家具FIXEDE FURNITURE
座椅及桌子配件seat and table accessories
特殊用途装饰品special use/decorative furnishings
单元房屋13020-building modules
特殊用途房间13030-special purpose rooms
健身房13032-athletic rooms
桑拿浴及设备saunas & equipment
蒸气浴及设备steam baths & equipment
整体浴室13058-bathroom modules
整体厨房13060-kitchen modules
预加工房屋13121-pre-engineered buildings
活动房屋13136-portable & mobile buildings
预制住宅结构13144-prefabricated residential structures
预加工停车场结构13148-Pre-engineered parking structures
游泳池及设备13152-swimming pools & equipment
液体和气体储罐LIQUID AND GAS STORAGE TANKS
指示器、记录器及控制器13440-indicators,recorders and controllers 太阳能系统13602-solar energy systems
平板式太阳能收集器solar flat plate collectors
保安通道和监视系统SECURITY ACCESS & SURVILLANCE。