高中定语从句讲义

高中定语从句知识点

一that

（一）以下情况多用that

1.如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代

词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which（但something, everything或anything后，偶尔也用which）

Please just tell me anything (that) you know about the author of the book.

That’s all (that) I could do at that I cloud do at that time

There is little that is good to say.

The book doesn’t say much that amuses children.

2.先行词被any，only，all，every，no，some，much，few，little修辞时，关系代词用that

Tell us all things that you know.

There is no difficult (that ) they can’t overcome.

3.如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very

等词修辞，引导限制性定语从句常用关系代词that，不用which，who或which

He is the only person that was present at the time.

This is the best TV set that is made in China.

No sample that we have received is satisfactory.

4.先行词被序数词修辞时，关系代词多用that

This first book that the scholar wrote is about population.

5.先行词被the +very (only, last)等表示唯一概念的形容词修辞时，关系代词用that

The very problem that i want to solve is like this.

6.先行词既是人又是物时，关系代词用that

The writer and his novels (that) the article deals with are quite familiar to us.

7.关系代词在从句中作表语时，用that

Mary is no longer the girl (that) she was.

He is not the bright fellow (that) he used to be.

8.先行词是疑问代词who时，关系代词用that如；

Who that has such a home does not love it?谁有这样的家而不爱它呢？

9.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词多用that

Who is the person tt is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？

Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this?我们中懂物理的人哪个不知道这个？

10.当定语从句为there be 句型，且关系代词做从句时，只能用that

She is supposed to be a gifted musician that there has ever been.她被认为是所有音乐家中的一位天才音乐家。

（二）以下情况不用that

1.如果关系代词的前面有介词，则关系代词不用that

The government put down the old house in which we had lived for twenty years.政府推到了我们住了20年的老房子。

2.先行词是that或those时，关系代词不用that

He has found that which he has looked for.他找的东西已经找到了。

Those who laugh last, laugh longest.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最久。

They are those who we love.他们是我们所爱的人。

3.非限定性定语从句不用关系代词that

Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.布鲁斯向火堆走去，火正在冒烟。

二as

（一）引导限定性定语从句

1.当先行词与as，so，such，the same连用或先行词本身就是such，the same时，关系代

词用as

That’s as good a place as I can find.这是我能找到的好地方。

I read as many pages as are required.需要读多少页我就读多少页。

Such questions as often asked by schoolboys are almost interesting..学生常问的这样一些问题大都有趣。

2.such 有时置于它所修辞的先行词之后，和as连在一起。

The library was full of story-books such as boys love.(= The library was full of such story-books as boys love.) 图书馆装满了孩子们喜欢的故事书。

有时省去先行词，such和as连在一起。

The instrument is not such (an instrument) as I saw on the exhibition.这个仪器和我再展览馆里见到的不一样。

（二）引导非限定性定语

as和which的区别

1)as 引导的非限性定语从句可以在句尾，也可以在句首，也可以在句中；而which引导

的非限定性定语从句只能在句尾。

2)as后若为is / was 过去分词构成的被动语态，is或was可省掉。Which后的is或was

则不能省。

3)as引导非限定性定语从句是，有“为人所熟知，显然”的含义；which 没有这层意思。

as is well known众所周知

as is often the case情况常常如此

as may be imagined可以想象得出

as often happens这种情况常常发生

as has been said before如前所述

as has been pointed out正如已经指出的

as is usual with sb (某人)经常如此

as natural 很自然

as is custom with 习惯如此

4)as引导的从句往往表示一种附加说明；which引导的从句则为较重要的评说。

as强调与主句和谐一致，表示一种附加的说明，如：she has married again, as seemed natural.

which 强调给以新的信息，如：He married her, which was unexpected.

5)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语是，从句的谓语必须是系动词；若从句中的

谓语是行为动词，则关系代词只能用which。

The sun heats the earth, which bears great importance to mankind.太让使地球变暖，这对人类和重要。

6)当主句和从句之间存在着一种逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只能用which

Tom is always late for school, which annoyed his teacher very much.汤姆老是上学迟到，这使老师很生气。