托福口语笔记

【单词】原则：
名词有限，重在构建主题信息框架，名词间的动宾等关系可以通过符号和结构来体现：不能求全，只记重点实词。

方法：1.直接利用现成缩写，如UN/SDR/WMD/VIP等，但前提是必须熟记常用英文单词缩写，还可以利用不同学科中常见的一些英文缩写，如结合计算机领域将文件写成doc，图片写成pic。

习惯缩写：年-Y、月-M、周-W、日-D等。

2.根据自己的记录和表达习惯给单词“瘦身”，以便快速记录和有效准确地表达。

如将单词中的元音去掉，只留主要辅音。

如dng hl(dining hall)/mjr(major)/frnds(friends);只保留前几个字母，如info(information)/expo(exposition);保留开头和结尾发音字母（适用于一个音节的单词），如rm(room);根据发音“瘦身”，如u(you)/r(are)/4(for)/n8(night).且常用的单词要行程固定表达方法，这样可以在记录信息过程中形成本能反应，提高记录速度，同时也可以提高表达的准确性。

3.中英文结合，笔记中并不一定要全部记录英文，有时汉字表达比英文单词缩写更简介有效，因此可以把汉字和英文表达结合。

如people无论怎样“瘦身”都没有“人”字更简单，复数即“人s”；再如responsibility,“瘦身”后最简单可变为”rsps.”，但直接记录“责”其实更有效。

【符号】信息记录中利用率最高的部分，也是最具个性化、最需要时间去磨合和记忆的部分。

符号可以体现的内容有关系、动作、时间。

【结构】信息记录中最容易被忽视的一部分。

好多人记笔记时信息结构安排随意，随手在纸上空白处随意安排内容。

Sample Answer
Cultural lag is a period of transition time when people try to adjust to technology change. The professor takes the invention of telephone as an example to illustrate this concept. The invention of telephone made communication easier and faster. But till the end of 19th century, only business used telephones. The general public didn’t like listening to voice without seeing faces. They also thought it was rude to call instead of visit in person. This trend changed gradually. About 30 years later, people began to get used to telephone. It became an indispensable part of life, and people chat with friends on period of time is cultural lag that epople took to get used t telephone.
Problem: no internet connection in her new apartment
S1:pay to get it installed
A1: called internet companies, no trouble, can spend people to install
D1: have to pay every month for the service
S2: go to computer center on campus, use free internet access there.
Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation. Preparation time: 20 seconds
Response time: 60 seconds
!!!!@@@@
Organize your answer(60’’)
~Briefly summarize problem---10’’
~Describe the two possible solutions---10’’
~Opinion---5’’
~Reason1+Details---15~20’’
~Reason2+Details---15~20’’
·The man/woman’s problems is..
·(There ate two possible solutions.)He/She could either...or...;The first one is ...The second one is...
·I think it’s better for... to.../In my opinion, he/she should...
·For one thing/To begin with/First of all
For another thing/In addition/Secondly
·That’s why I think he/she should...
Sample Response
The man’s problem is that the director to be interviewed is sick.
He could either wait till she feels better, or he could interview the actor instead of the director. Personally, I would suggest him to interview the lead-actor instead.
For one thing, the article would be done in time. If he waited till the director gets better, the article wouldn’t be done in time to go in this week’s paper. It’d make more sense to have the article come out before the play opens.
For another thing, the lead-actor will provide information from a different perspective. He will tell the man his understanding about the roles, the lines and the relationships between roles. These would be very interesting, too.
That’s why I suggest the man to interview the lead-actor instead.
[主题句]Cooking could be made much easier with the assistance of advanced technology.
[原因] We have every reason to believe that in the next two decades, modern science and technology will continue to develop at a great rate.
[导致情况一] Computer systems may be far more intelligent than those of today.
[导致情况二] All the kitchen equipment might be controlled by highly advanced microcomputers and their operations will become more user-friendly.
[导致情况三] People will be able to prepare simple recipes very quickly.
[导致情况四] Thus, many difficulties can be avoided and cooking will become much more efficient and easier.
因果
原因—*导致一—*导致二—*导致三—*导致四—*结果
[主题句] To comply with the higher demand for social progress, the working class might face tighter schedules.
[原因] As a matter of fact, there is still a long way to go before the entire human race finally achieve common prosperity. Nowadays, most people are living and working under heavy pressure.
[导致情况一] In the increasingly competitive social atmosphere, every one finds they need to devote a large portion of their time and energy to their work.
[情况二] Thus, it is impossible for them to have enough leisure time to cook.
[导致情况三] Juding by the current trend, we may naturally expect the pace of life to become even faster in the near future.
[导致情况四] Many people may be more accustomed to more convenient ways of eating nowadays. Consequently, the time spent on preparing food will be less than ever.
未来预测类
压力大……忙于工作……没时间做饭……将来压力更大……出去吃……做饭时减少
Have a try: People will enjoy more leisure time in 20 years from now on.
【极端词类】
破题方法：
key word: best；steps:承认题目合理性、但是有缺点、有更好的
key words: only/ the most important/ seldom… ; steps:承认题目合理性、例外情况一、例外情况二
@Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
The only effective way to encourage energy conservation is increasing the price of gasoline and electricity.
合理性：提高价格，人们省电，绿色出行；
其他情况一：政府投资新能源；
其他情况二：鼓励低碳生活方式
Introduction:
Energy conservation is once again in the limelight all cross the globe.
Some environmentalists maintain that increasing the price of gasoline and electricity is the only effective way to realize the goal.
As much as I can relate to what’s intended in such and idea, I just don’t think it deserved to be called the only effective way.
First body paragraph
[主题句] Sure, it is tempting to think this proposal could work like a charm.
[解释] By raising the price of electricity, the government is urging every household to cut down on energy consumption.
[细节一] When seeing utility bills go up, people would think twice in terms of electrical appliance, such as lights out during day time, choose fans over air conditioners during heat waves and keeping windows shut tight to keep windows shut tight to keep the heat in during cold months. [细节二]Quite similarly, with the rising cost of gasoline, consumers are more likely to walk, bike, carpool, or use mass transit.
Second body paragraph:
[过渡句] However, people are going to be gritting their teeth because normally nobody likes those high prices coming out of their wallets under this proposal.
Thus, alternatives that could serve the same purpose should be taken into consideration.
[主题句] First, governments should invest in renewable and sustainable energy.
[举例] It is no secret that alternative fuel like solar energy is a ray of hope for the bright future
ahead.
[原因] Solar cars can run freely and abundantly without reliance on gasoline which is crucial to energy conservation.
[原因二] At present, lots of research is being carried out to run the cars, but the funding problem still gets in the way, which explains ans still out of reach.
[导致] That’s where governments should step in and fill in the gap.
[导致] If governments could sponsor the program and make it affordable to the public, energy efficiency will be guaranteed.
[结果] In this way, energy conservation could be taken care of.
Third body paragraph:
[主题句] Besides, a low carbon lifestyle should be encouraged. Business and governments have to take the lead.
[解释] They have to show that they have done everything they can, and then they can ask people to join the journey.
[细节一] For example, eco-labeled companies tend to reduce waste, reuse and recycle components, and try to expand the product’s durability and recyclability.
[细节二] And governments should educate the public about reducing the amount of waste by buying minimally packaged goods, choosing reusable products over disposable ones, and recycling.
[细节三] Also, they should be informed that traditional light bulbs have higher energy costs and lower lifespans. We should opt for LED alternatives that not only last longer but also cut energy consumption considerably.
Conclusion:
To sum up, it is not to say increasing prices of gasoline and electricity cannot motivate energy consumption, but its downsides can never be ignored. While other options are available, this proposal should by no means be considered the only way.
极端词类：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.
First body paragraph:
[主题句] Admittedly, traveling in a group could help tourists avoid unwanted troubles during the trip.
[解释] You have people who will convince you to do crazy things you would never do by yourself, people to take care of you if you get sick and people to share your experiences and frustrations with.
Second body paragraph:
[主题句]However, a guided tour also presents lack of freedom and tight schedules, which would considerably stifle the experience of traveling.
[解释] What is supposed to be the original intention for all tourists? The answer definitely lies in
relaxation. However, in most cases, the tour guide is acting like a shepherd, pushing a group of obedient tourists around in a hurry.
[细节一] They don’t have enough time to enjoy the beautiful scenery during the journey or to fell totally relaxed.
Second body paragraph:
[细节二] Normally, there are so many destinations included on the timetable that the tour guide seems to deal with errands mechanically. This hustled group is rushing from one crowed spot to another.
[细节三] Even more, driven by personal profits, some tour guides may lead the group to certain shops and try their best to encourage spending.
[总结句] It is hard to imagine what could be gained from such a busy and tiring traveling experience.
Third body paragraph:
[主题句] In fact, there are more interesting and fashionable ways to travel besides joining a tourist group.
[举例] For instance, an individual could travel alone in a peaceful place.
[解释] Travel by yourself means you have to fend for yourself all the time.
[细节一]Stepping outside of your comfort zone teaches you so much about yourself that you wouldn’t have otherwise learned.
[细节二] What’s more, during your trip, eating and drinking alone presents an easy way to strike up a conversation with a local, who may end up to be your life-long friend.
[细节三] And sometimes you may deviate from your plan, but it could lead to the most inspiring and interesting experiences, which could never be attained in a guided group.
Conclusion:
To sum up, although traveling in a group could provide with convenience.
Its downsides can never be ignored.
Thus it is superficial to say that the best method to travel is to join a guided tour.
@There is never good reason to be impolite to another person.。