翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法

翻译方法和技巧之分译法、合译法

Division & Combination

*翻译英语句子时，有时我们可把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。

*分译法和合译法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。

*所谓分译法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。

*所谓合译法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。

*一、分译法

*（一）把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。

* 1.副词

*They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.

他们根本不回答，这是不足为怪的。

* 2.形容词

*Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance”.

*毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。

*That region was the most identifiable trouble place.

那个地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家很容易看到的。

* 3.名词

* A movie of me leaving that place would look like a shell leaving a rifle. *我离开那个地方的速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会像出膛的子弹一样。

*He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头，双目瞪地圆圆的。

*（二）把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。

* 1.分词短语

*She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen.

*她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。

*Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.

阳光射到它所能透过的所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。

* 2.名词短语

*I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. *我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。

*Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universal accepted law. *能量既不能被消除也不能被创造，这是一条普遍公认的规律。

* 3.前置词短语

*Their power increased with their number.

*他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。

*He arrived in Washington at a right moment internationally.

他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，实际正合适。

*（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。

*Sometimes, Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the kitchen watching him eat.

*有时，克洛斯太太一面在厨房里踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。

*She had made several attempts to help them find other rental houses without success.

她试了几次，要帮他们找另一所出租房，但没有成功。

*二、合译法

*（一）把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句(simple sentence)译成一个单句。

*He was very clean. His mind was open.

*他为人单纯而坦率。

*There are men from all over the country. Many of them are from the South. *从全国各地来的人中有很多是南方人。

*His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.

他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。

*（二）把原文中的主从复合句(complex sentence)译成一个单句。

*When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.

*我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。

*When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.

我们对中国领导人和人民的赞扬不仅仅是是出于礼貌。

*（三）把原文中的并列复合句(compound sentence)译成一个单句。

*From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea.

*阿洛河从弗洛伦萨流经比萨入海。

*In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.

恩格斯和马克思在1844年相遇并成为朋友。