中西女塾培养了多位女神

上海日报SHDaily

中西女塾培养了多位女神海量珍贵老照片带你逛20世纪哥特风校园

编者按：上海日报全新开启邬达克建筑专栏，了解这些建筑的现状并挖掘其背后的精彩故事。

现在就让我们跟随专栏作家乔争月开启一段魔都探索之旅吧。

“中西女塾的女生们都有着远大目标和崇高理想…她们为了国家民族的利益和要求，勇往直前。与这些女生中任何一个交流后，你会发现，她们对自己的人生都充满着最美好的期待。”——1920年版中西女塾校规（上海图书馆馆藏）

The 1920 catalogue of McTyeire School proudly states McTyeire girls “are usually young women of purpose and noble ideals ... They are going out into their nation’s needs with brave hearts and worthy motives. A close talk with any one of them reveals the fact that she wants to make her life co unt for the greatest possible good.”

上图的馆藏中有一本1920年版中西女塾校规，刊登着一张让人印象深刻的照片：十几个中国女孩在上生物课。身穿中式白裙的她们围着一张张八仙桌而坐，脑后都拖着一条长长的乌黑的发辫。这些中式元素与女孩们认真观察的西洋显微镜形成了有趣的对比，也映射了女校的名字—中西。

就在一年后，邬达克代表的美商克利洋行参加了新校区的竞标。他提交了一个很赞的美国学院派哥特风格方案，完胜所有对手，其中包括设计燕京大学的著名美国建筑师亨利•墨菲（Henry Murphy）。

The 1920 catalogue of McTyeire School contains a nice photo of a biology class. A dozen Chinese girls wearing white skirts are looking into microscopes in a lab filled with specimens.

One year later, R.A. Curry’s firm, represented by architect Laszlo Hudec, entered the bidding to design the school’s new campus buildings. Hudec’s plan called for finely designed American Collegiate Gothic buildings. It was chosen over those from rivals such as renowned American architect Henry Murphy.

墨菲自1913起在中国做了许多学校项目。他超爱中国传统建筑，擅长在中式风格里植入现代功能。但也许在上海中式建筑的影响还是比较小吧，墨菲在PK之后惜败于邬达克。

据研究邬达克多年的同济大学副教授华霞虹介绍，美国学院派哥特式风格庄重而典雅，是19世纪末到1930年代在美国校园极为流行的建筑风格，也比较契合业主的心意。

而与巴黎圣母院那种高耸瑰丽的中世纪哥特风不同，学院派哥特风格在结构功能布局上已是现代建筑。所以呢，邬达克设计的两座女校大楼看上去还是蛮现代的。

Murphy, who had designed many school buildings in China from 1913 to 1929, possibly proposed combining modern function with traditional Chinese architectural styles.

“But traditional Chinese architecture had less of an impact in Shanghai,” says Shanghai Tongji University associate professor Hua Xiahong, who is now a visiting scholar at Yale University. “I think Hudec’s choice of Collegiate Gothic — a solemn, elegant architectural style popular in American schools and colleges from the late 19th century to 1930s —better matched the ideas of the school.

“Unlike Medieval Gothic style, a Collegiate Gothic building is a modern building in terms of structure, function and layout, such as the two buildings that Hudec designed for the McTyeire School,” Hua adds.

这所美国教会女校1892年在汉口路（今沐恩堂东侧）创办时招到的女生居然不足10人。不过那还是晚清嘛，女孩子上学可是新鲜事物。1920年的校规里说，学校真正的创立者并非女传教士海淑德，而是美国南方监理公会著名传教士林乐知。

林乐知1882年在上海先办了一所男校 -- 中西书院，他很快就感到有必要再创办一所类似的女校，让这些男生的姐妹们啊都能接受教育。而且不仅要学习中国传统经典，还要学外语、西方文学和自然科学知识，真是“学贯中西”的说。

The Christian school for girls started off with less than 10 students in 1892 on Hankou Road, east of Moore Memorial Church, another Hudec design. The catalogue notes that although Laura Haygood was regarded as the school’s founder, it was a long-cherished plan of John Allen, a famous Southern Methodist Church missionary from the United States.