精品文档新#托福写作真经4test13-综合写作解析

新托福写作真经4test13-综合写作解析托福综合写作是托福写作部分比较容易的部分，托福综合写作是基于托福阅读和听力的内容，总结两部分的内容进行写作。

阅读部分的内容一般是提出一个观点，然后用2-3个分论点进行论述。

听力部分最红要的就是要学会使用听力笔记。

但是，最重要的一点就是综合写作的范文中我们可以提取出来很多的万能模板。

接下来，前程百利小编为大家整理了新托福写作真经4test13部分的综合写作部分的解析，一起学习吧！
第一部分：阅读文本：
The bonobo is an endangered species of primates native to the area south of the Congo River in Africa. In recent years, many primatologists have begun studying the bonobo in more detail. What these researchers have learned about bonobos is that they are quite meek in temperament. This is a stark contrast to other primates, such as chimpanzees, which can be rather aggressive and violent, in nature.
There is plenty of support for bonobos' gentle demeanors. Experts have studied numerous bonobos in captivity and have witnessed little evidence suggesting that they possess violent tendencies. Bonobos in captivity are typically gentle, kind, and sensitive, and zookeepers report that they experience few problems while handling them. In that regard, bonobos are different from other primates, which sometimes attack their handlers or cause other problems.
Bonobos also tend to prevent their young from engaging in violent behavior. For instance, the young of many animal species frequently fight one another or engage in excessive roughhousing. This teaches them how to hunt as well as other survival techniques. However, older bonobos actively quell this behavior in younger bonobos by intervening in fights between their young. As a result, young bonobos neither learn how to fight nor develop aggressive tendencies during their formative years.
Bonobos are often contrasted with their more violent cousins, the chimpanzees. Chimpanzees have been observed hunting small animals and even use rocks and sticks as weapons to attack other troops of primates. No such behavior has ever been witnessed among bonobos. Some researchers believe that the fact that bonobos are herbivores reduces any violent impulses they may possess. Since bonobos only eat vegetation, they have no need to hunt or kill anything except in self-defense. Thus they have evolved into more peaceful animals, especially when compared with chimpanzees.
阅读要点：
观点：These researchers have learned about bonobos is that they are quite meek in temperament. This is a stark contrast to other primates, such as chimpanzees, which can be rather aggressive and violent, in nature.
研究人员发现，和其他灵长类动物(黑猩猩)相比，倭黑猩猩性情十分的温和。

因为黑猩猩在自然环境下很具有侵犯性和攻击性。

论点1：Experts have studied numerous bonobos in captivity and have witnessed little evidence suggesting that they possess violent tendencies.
专家研究发现许多倭黑猩猩都是圈养的，并且没有证据显示他们有攻击性。

论点2：Bonobos also tend to prevent their young from engaging in violent behavior.
倭黑猩猩也会保护它们的幼崽，以免卷入攻击行为中。

论点3：Since bonobos only eat vegetation, they have no need to hunt or kill anything except in
self-defense.因为倭黑猩猩只吃蔬菜，所以除了自卫之外，他们不需要捕杀。

第二部分：听力文本：
W Professor: You might have read about how bonobos are considered a nonaggressive species. Well, there’s some truth to that, but let me point out a few problems with this widely accepted theory.
First, few long-term studies of bonobos in the wild have been conducted. After all, the first studies began in the 1970s. And there are only a few thousand wild bonobos. Instead, most research has been done on captive bonobos. There are, uh, just about 100 in captivity. That's not too many. Now, these studies on captive bonobos rave about their gentleness. However, keep in mind that many animals behave differently in captivity. A meek animal may become vicious while an aggressive animal may become calm. So, 论点1:although c aptive bonobos are gentle, we can’t be sure if that’s their real nature until we conduct more research on them in their natural habitats.
Additionally, bonobos aren't always as peaceful as they appear. They often engage in acts of group aggression. Here’s what happens . . . Many times, young bonobos form small groups. Then, they stalk and subsequently attack an older bonobo that’s by itself and which has let its guard down. 丁hat hardly sounds like peaceful behavior to me.
Finally, numerous comparisons have been made between the, uh, peaceful bonobos and violent chimpanzees. However,I feel that chimps are a product of their environment. You see, chimps’ natural habitats were invaded by humans long ago. Much of the vegetation they once ate was destroyed by human settlements. As a result, chimps became omnivores. They learned to hunt, which increased their violent tendencies. Bonobos, on the other hand, live south of the Congo River in land that few humans have encroached upon. Thus bonobos’ more peaceful, h erbivorous lifestyles haven't been interrupted. Perhaps in the future, should their lands be invaded, they too will adapt and become more violent.
听力笔记符号：
听力要点：
观点1：Let me point out a few problems with this widely accepted theory.
倭黑猩猩并不是性情温和，主要有几个问题存在。

论点1:Although captive bonobos are gentle, we can’t be sure if that’s their real nature until we conduct more research on them in their natural habitats.
尽管圈养的倭黑猩猩是温和的，但是我们还不能确定它们的真正习性，除非我们在自然状态下做更多的研究。

论点2：Additionally, bonobos aren't always as peaceful as they appear. They often engage in acts of group aggression.
倭黑猩猩并不总是像他们表现的那样，它们也会有群族进攻。

论点3：bonobos’ more peaceful, herbivorous li festyles haven't been interrupted.
由于环境的原因，倭黑猩猩的进食环境，没有受到侵犯，所以才没有攻击行为。

第三部分：范文分析：
①The lecturer argues that the theory on the gentle nature of bonobos poses some problems. ②This assertion directly contradicts the reading passage’s claim that the theo ry that bonobos are meek animals is supported with three pieces of evidence.
First, the professor says that few long-term studies have been conducted on bonobos in the wild. According to the professor, most research is focused on captive bonobos, which number only a hundred. Since animals in captivity react differently, it is uncertain how bonobos behave in their natural habitat.
③This fact refutes the reading passage’s claim that studies on bonobos in captivity support the argument that bonobos have a gentle nature.
④On top of that, the lecturer says that bonobos are not as friendly as they seem to be. In fact, young bonobos sometimes form a group and, without warning, assault an older bonobo that is alone. This is to say, bonobos often get involved in group violence. ⑤This argument casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that bonobos maintain a peaceful society by keeping their young from violent behavior.
Finally, the nature of chimps, which is frequently compared to that of bonobos, is most likely affected by their circumstances. As chimps’ natural habitats were invaded by humans, they became omnivores, which in turn increased their violent tendencies. In theory, therefore, if bonobos’ habitats are destroyed by humans, they too will develop violent behavior. ⑥This firmly rebuts the reading passage’s claim that chimps hunt animals and attack other primates wheras bonobos’ herbivorous habits reduce the likelihood of their having vicious temperaments.
闪光词汇：
habitat['hæbə'tæt]n.· [生态] 栖息地，产地
herbivorous['hɝbɪvərəs]adj.· [动] 食草的
temperament['tɛmprəmənt]n.·气质，性情，性格;急躁
文章中可用来做模板的句子：
①The lecturer argues that……
②This assertion directly contradicts the reading passage’s claim that……
③This fact refutes the reading passage’s claim that……
④On top of that, the lecturer says that……
⑤This argument casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that……
⑥This firmly rebuts the reading passage’s claim that……
托福综合写作对于独立写作而言，显得很简单。

但是，想要取得高分，就要注意很多问题。

听力是中国考生的弱项，所以，这部分想要得高分，还要注意平时多积累一些听力笔记符号，拥有一套属于自己得听力笔记符号。

倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。

周遭流岚升腾，没露出那真实的面孔。

面对那流转的薄雾，我会幻想，那里有一个世外桃源。

在天阶夜色凉如水的夏夜，我会静静地，静静地，等待一场流星雨的来临…
许下一个愿望，不乞求去实现，至少，曾经，有那么一刻，我那还未枯萎的，青春的，诗意的心，在我最美的年华里，同星空做了一次灵魂的交流…
秋日里，阳光并不刺眼，天空是一碧如洗的蓝，点缀着飘逸的流云。

偶尔，一片飞舞的落叶，会飘到我的窗前。

斑驳的印迹里，携刻着深秋的颜色。

在一个落雪的晨，这纷纷扬扬的雪，飘落着一如千年前的洁白。

窗外，是未被污染的银白色世界。

我会去迎接，这人间的圣洁。

在这流转的岁月里，有着流转的四季，还有一颗流转的心，亘古不变的心。

When you are old and grey and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.。