英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略(PPT 41页)

1.1 reference (照应）
Personal reference (人称照应）
人称照应是通过人称代词(如 they, she, him 等）、所属限定词（如his, your, its 等）,和所属代词（hers, theirs， mine 等）和冠词指示代词来实现。
英语人称代词以及相应的限定词的使用 率大大高于汉语。
(二）衔接与连贯 (cohesion and coherence )
1 cohesion
Halliday & Hasan 在Cohesion in English
中将英语的衔接手段分成五大类
照应 reference 替代 substitution 省略 ellipsis 词汇衔接 lexical cohesion 连接 conjunction
Translation of discourse
What is the discourse?
Discourse means either "written or spoken communication. The term is often used in semantics and discourse analysis.
2.3 Subject consciousness VS Object consciousness
Chinese discourse---Subject consciousness(主体意识）---person as subject（主语）
English discourse----Object consciousness（客体意识）----Thing as subject
2.2 Parataxis VS Hypotaxis Chinese discourse -----parataxis(意合） English discourse-------Hypotaxis (形合） Example(1)牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，
一泻千里。
Translation: Waves upon waves, the Peony River rushed violently down its long course like a horse galloping.
see are mutually connected within a sequence.（词汇上的衔接关系）
1.2 Coherence （连贯性）(coherent)
It concerns the ways in which the components of the textual word are mutually accessible and relevant. (distribute knowledge or attain a object) （意义上的内在联系）
汉语定义
篇章（text）是表达整体概念的语义单 位。篇章是语言在交际中，特别是在书 面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是 一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个结 构完整、功能明确的语义统一体。（陈 宏薇）
篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的 语言单位的翻译。（王治奎）
篇章特征
篇章它具有形式和逻辑的一致性。语篇 并非是互不关联的句子的简单堆积，而 是一些意义相联系的句子为达到一定交 际目的，通过各种衔接手段而实现的有 机结合。
（一）A Comparison Between Chinese Discourse and English
Discourse
1.The Similarities
1.1 Cohesion (衔接）(cohesive devices) It concerns how the actual words we hear or
He knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and
the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.
为了衔接紧密增译代词和冠词
孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。他身材高大； 青白脸色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕；一部乱蓬蓬的花白 的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫，可是又脏又破，似乎十多 年没有补，也没有洗。（《孔乙己》）
Kong was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. He was a big man, strangely pallid, with scars that often showed among the wrinkles of his face. He had a large unkempt beard, streaked with white. Although he wore a long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years. (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang)
General principles
英汉语篇在结构形态和逻辑关系上相似 时，一般可以采用“临摹”的办法，按 照源语的发展思路，在译语中复制或基 本照搬源语行文的建构方式。这种方法 称作“逻辑顺组” （logic copying）。
由于汉英在语言结构，语篇衔接模式， 逻辑层次等方面存在很大的差异，汉英 互译时往往需要进行 “逻辑重组” (logic reshuffling)
2. The DΒιβλιοθήκη Baidufferences
2.1 Chinese Discourse→Inductive
（归纳性的） →Spiral
English Discourse →Deductive
（演绎性的）→Straight
他出生在这一类人中间，出生在这种地 方，他还有这样的母亲，这些要是让他
知道的话，他会多么丢人。