英汉互译八种技巧

3. 减译法
增译法的反面
减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,
因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文 中是不言而喻的; 减译法是删去一些可有可无的, 或者有了反而 累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词, 并不是把原 文的某些思想内容删去。
省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。省
译和分为结构省译和精炼压缩。 所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结 构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的 词有代词、系词、介词、连词、冠词、先行 词等。 作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语 的物主代词均可省译。 如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段，那 么精炼压缩则是积极的省译手段，前者明显， 后者隐晦。
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.
5. 只许州官放火, 不许百姓点灯。 The magistrate are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.
(One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge.) 6. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind. 8. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.

保留习语中的重复 Long, long ago… 很久很久以前，· · · The flower is very ,very beautiful. 这花可美可美了。 5，英语强势词的译法 Whatever, whatsoever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however.
（译文2）
I seek but seek in vain, I search and search again; I feel so sad, so drear, So lonely, without cheer. （许渊冲译）
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank. 3 保留谚语中的重复 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。 Work while you work, play while you play. 干要干得投入，玩要玩得尽兴。
Such a trifling thing is hardly worth mentioning. 区区小事，不足挂齿。 On returning to India, and ever after, he used to speak of the pleasure of this period of his existence with great enthusiasm.
2. 重复动词 You’ve read more books than I have. 你读的书比我读的多。 He succeeded because of his good luck rather than of his ability. 他的成功靠的是运气，而不是靠的能力。 He went to bed again, and thought and thought and thought it over and over. 他有又上床去，左思右想，想个不停。
1.重复名词 1）重复做宾语的名词 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.
4.
You
may take whatever away for all I care. 你想拿什么拿什么，我才不管哩。 Whoever breaks the law must be punished. 谁犯法谁就得受惩罚。 Don’t worry about the money. Just repay me whenever you have. 别把那点钱挂在心上。你什么时候有什么时 候还我好了。
1. 重复法
1.
2.
汉语重复,英译时也重复; 根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表 达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达 原文的生动性.
重复主要有三种作用：
1，使译文的意思更加明确； 2，加强语气，表示强调； 3，使译文更加生动
这种方法主要用于英译汉，因为英汉语比较起 来，汉语更喜欢重复，也更经得起重复。

1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.” 3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
6.重复副词 Nels
had it all written out neatly. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 By and by the building rose up. 楼房一点一点地升起来了。 7，使用四字词组 Come over and have a rest. 过来休息休息。
使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就 叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、 概念词、语气词等。 从增补的功能来看，可以分为结构增补、意 义增补和修辞增补。
I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科 学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩。

先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和 平。
We
must enrich our cultural and material lives. 我们必须丰富我们的精神生活和物质生活。 （宾语前有多个定语时，要重复这个做宾语 的名词） 2）重复做表语的名词 This is a victorious conference that shows our unity. 这是一个胜利的大会，一个团结的大会。 （表语有多个修饰语时，重复做表语的名词）
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒 时侯,最难将息。 (译文1）
Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!
4. 交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改 的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.

He is young but ambitious. 他人小志大。 She was small and slight, pale, but very beautiful. 她身量瘦小，面色苍白，但模样倒很漂亮。 I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 我倒无所谓，随你的便吧。 Just look at her face, red as an apple. 你瞧她的脸哟，红得像个苹果似的。
翻译常用的八种技巧
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转换法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation)（反译法） 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)

他后来回到印度，一提起那一段逍遥自在的日子， 总是眉飞色舞。 She spoke little and then after long meditation. 她少言寡语，而且总是在深思熟虑之后才开口。

To
be continued!
2. 增译法
为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并
Ignorance
is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是恐惧的根源，也是崇拜的根源。
3）重复名词，取代代词 Don’t be afraid of failure, as it is the mother of success. 不要害怕失败。失败是成功之母。 Translation form Chinese into English is not so easy as that form English into Chinese. 汉译英不像英译汉那么容易。 A large family has its difficulties. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。