环境科学概论教学课件(第三讲)英文版PPT
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Primary succession is a successional progression that begins with a total lack of organisms and bare mineral surfaces or water.
Terrestrial Primary Succession Aquatic Primary Succession Secondary Succession An original community is destroyed and replaced by an new community, this progress is called secondary succession.
1
Succession The communities proceed through a series of recognizable, predictable changes in structure over time is called succession. Primary Succession
2
Community: is an assemblage of all the interacting populations of different species of organisms in an area. Climax community: The relatively stable, long-lasting community is called climax community.
3
A pioneer organism ：Lichen
4
Terrestrial primary succession
5
Aquatic primary succession
6ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Most aquatic ecosystems are considered temporary (except ocean).
be desert. Deserts are areas that generally receive fewer than 25 centimeters of precipitation per year.
Grassland: Grasslands, also known as prairies or steppes, are widely distributed over temperate parts of the world. As with deserts, the major factor that contributes to the establishment of a grassland is the amount of available moisture. Grasslands generally receive between 25 and 75 centimeters of precipitation per year. These areas are windy with hot summers and cold to mild winters.
7
Secondary Succession
8
Biomes: Major Types of Terrestrial Climax Communities The effect of elevation on climate and vegetation Deserts: A lack of water is the primary factor that determines that an area will
CHAPTER THREE Kinds of Ecosystems and Communities
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize the difference between primary and secondary succession. Describe the process of succession from pioneer to climax community in both terrestrial and aquatic situations. Associate typical plants and animals with the various terrestrial biomes. Recognize the physical environmental factors that determine the kind of climax community that will develop. Differentiate the forest biomes that develop based on temperature and rainfall. Describe the various kinds of aquatic ecosystems and the factors that determine their characteristics.
Savanna : Tropical parts of Africa, South America, and Australia have extensive grasslands spotted with occasional trees or patches of trees. This kind of a biome is often called a savanna. These areas of the world are typically tropical, with 50 to 150 centimeters of rain per year. The rain is not distributed evenly through-out the year.
Terrestrial Primary Succession Aquatic Primary Succession Secondary Succession An original community is destroyed and replaced by an new community, this progress is called secondary succession.
1
Succession The communities proceed through a series of recognizable, predictable changes in structure over time is called succession. Primary Succession
2
Community: is an assemblage of all the interacting populations of different species of organisms in an area. Climax community: The relatively stable, long-lasting community is called climax community.
3
A pioneer organism ：Lichen
4
Terrestrial primary succession
5
Aquatic primary succession
6ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Most aquatic ecosystems are considered temporary (except ocean).
be desert. Deserts are areas that generally receive fewer than 25 centimeters of precipitation per year.
Grassland: Grasslands, also known as prairies or steppes, are widely distributed over temperate parts of the world. As with deserts, the major factor that contributes to the establishment of a grassland is the amount of available moisture. Grasslands generally receive between 25 and 75 centimeters of precipitation per year. These areas are windy with hot summers and cold to mild winters.
7
Secondary Succession
8
Biomes: Major Types of Terrestrial Climax Communities The effect of elevation on climate and vegetation Deserts: A lack of water is the primary factor that determines that an area will
CHAPTER THREE Kinds of Ecosystems and Communities
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Recognize the difference between primary and secondary succession. Describe the process of succession from pioneer to climax community in both terrestrial and aquatic situations. Associate typical plants and animals with the various terrestrial biomes. Recognize the physical environmental factors that determine the kind of climax community that will develop. Differentiate the forest biomes that develop based on temperature and rainfall. Describe the various kinds of aquatic ecosystems and the factors that determine their characteristics.
Savanna : Tropical parts of Africa, South America, and Australia have extensive grasslands spotted with occasional trees or patches of trees. This kind of a biome is often called a savanna. These areas of the world are typically tropical, with 50 to 150 centimeters of rain per year. The rain is not distributed evenly through-out the year.