英语句子成分讲解及句子类型

三、宾语
宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一 般放在_及__物__动__词__或__介__词___后面.
1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog. △双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或
态度，主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要
有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有
prove, turn out
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
谓语 （V.）
实义动词 连系动词 情态动词 助动词
六、状语
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全 句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、 条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
John often came to chat with me．
(程度
目的)
As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
(原因)
She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.
五、定语
定语：用来修饰限定_名__词__.
This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The mFra Baidu bibliotekn in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.
(num.） 目或顺 table and I will take the first
数词 序。 one.
5动. （词v.）表 作 态示 。或动状
✓We are working hard at English. ✓I want to become an engineer.
✓I like English very much. 表示动 ✓The teacher treats us 6. （adv.）作的特 kindly . 副 词 征或性 ✓The train goes fast. 状特征。 ✓He seldom comes to see us.
三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.It’s a red car.( 形容词) 2.They live in the room above.( 副词 )
3.My brother is a teacher.( 代词 ) 4.We belong to the third world.( 数词 ) 5.Lucy’s father is a poor worker.( 名词所有格 )
实义动词
二、谓语 连系动词 （V.） 情态动词 助动词
谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由 _动__词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词, 情态动词和助动词.
• 1. We love China. • 2. She seems tired. • 3. He can speak English • 4. We have finished reading this book.
取得英语语法成功的基石
Parts of Speach
作
词类
用
例词
1. （n.）表示人或事 名 词 物的名称。
✓I bought a book . ✓She is a student.
2. (pron.） 代词
代替名词、 数词等。
✓This is my friend. ✓He likes that book because it is very useful to him.
He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
一、主语
主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 主语一般位于__句__首__ 。
1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun.
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( 说谎是错误的。)
2) It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 3) It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定)。
二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1.She lived a happy life.(名词 ) 2.I love you.( 代词) 3.We need two.( 数词) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?(动名词) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.(不定式) 6.He did not know what to say.(疑问词+不定式) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( 从句 ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语 )
✓He is small but he is 表示人 clever. 3. （adj.）或事物 ✓The red pen is useful for 形容词 的特征 the teacher. 或性状。 ✓He painted the wall white
yesterday.
4.
表示数 ✓There are ten apples on the
7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.
( 疑问词+不定式)
8. What he needs is a book. （ 从句
）
9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall
（地点
伴随）
My father worked in this school ten years ago.
（地点
时间）
Though he is young, he knows a lot.
（让步）
He came running.
（方式）
七、补语
• 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或
特征。 Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补） He is called Jack.（主补）
1. The sun rises in the east. （名词 ） 2. He likes dancing. （ 代词）
3. Two will be enough.( 数词) 4. Seeing is believing. （ 动名词） 6. To see is to believe. （不定式 ）
9(感i.n叹ter词j.）表 感示 情强烈的
✓Oh ! How beautiful the scene is! ✓What a good idea! Goodness !
10. （art.） 冠词
用来限制名 词的意义
✓I have a pet dog . ✓The dog is very lovely. ✓He is an old man but very strong.
表示名 7介. (p词rep.）词 词 他、 和 词代 其 之
间的关 系。
✓He usually stay at home on Sundays.
8（连. c词onj.）连 或 作接 句 用词 与 。与 句词的
✓He and I are in the same class and we are good friends. ✓Two or three of us can dance well but I can’t .
6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( 名词 ) 7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( 介词短语 ) 8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy
swimming in the river is my brother.
（不定式 ）
11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan? （ 动名词）
12.This is the very book that I need. （ 从句 ）
八、同位语
• 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词
或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 – The Great Wall, one of the wonders
in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：
二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：
1. He is a teacher. ( 名词 ) 2. My idea is this.( 代词 ) 3. She was the first to arrive.( 数词 )
4. I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( 形容词/副词 )
He gave me two books.
四、表语
表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用 来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.
The trees turn green. The flowers are beautiful . My job is to teach you English. The question is how we can get there.
like a tree.
（It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语）
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻， 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的 主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本 身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻 译下列句子吗？
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.
They can speak English well. They are playing over there.
系动词
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词
5. He is out of danger.(介词短语 )
6. The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.(分词 )
7. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( 从句 )
( 现在分词
)
三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： 9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired
people have a good time at home.( 过去分词 ) 10.There are two things to be discussed today.