海明威文学作品简介(英语)
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Martha Ellis Gellhorn
Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940, but he left her for Mary Welsh Hemingway after World War II, during which he was present at D-Day and the liberation of Paris.
Hemingway‘s fiction was successful because the charactersຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduhe presented exhibited authenticity that reverberated(回响) with his audience. Many of his works are classics of American literature.
Hemingway and Hadley
In 1922 Hemingway married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives, and the couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent. During his time there he met and was influenced by modernist writers and artists of the 1920s expatriate community known as the "Lost Generation". His first novel, The Sun Also Rises, was written in 1924.
Mary Welsh
Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea in 1952 Hemingway went on safari (旅行) to Africa, where he was almost killed in a plane crash that left him in pain or illhealth for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key West, Florida, and Cuba during the 1930s and 40s, but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961.
II. His Novels: 1) The Sun Also Rise (1926) The novel concerns a group of psychologically bruised, disillusioned expatriates living in postwar Paris, who take psychic refuge in such immediate physical activities as eating, drinking, traveling, brawling, and so on. With the publication of it, he was recognized as the spokesman of the “lost generation” (so called by Gertrude Stein). 2) A Farewell To Arms (1929) tells of a tragic wartime love affair between an ambulance driver and an English nurse. 3) Death in the Afternoon (1932), a nonfiction work about bullfighting
IV. His famous stories:
1) The Killers 2) The Undefeated 3) The Snows of Kilimanjaro
V. His masterpiece
1. 1)
2)
3)
Plot Summary In a small fishing village in Cuba, Santiago, an old, weathered fisherman has just gone 84 days without catching a fish. On the 85th day, he is determined to catch a big, impressive fish. For years, Santiago has been fishing with a young boy named Manolin. Manolin started fishing with the old man when he was only 5 years old. Santiago is like Manolin's second father, and has taught the young boy everything about fishing. Manolin is extremely loyal to Santiago and makes sure that the old man is always safe and healthy. Manolin's parents, however, force the boy to leave Santiago and fish on a more lucrative fishing boat. Manolin does not want to leave Santiago, but must honor his duty to his parents. On the new boat, Manolin catches several fish within the first few days. Santiago, meanwhile, decides to head out on the Gulf Stream alone. He feels the 85th day will be lucky for him. He sets out on his old, rickety skiff(摇摆的小船). Alone on the water, Santiago sets up his fishing lines(钓钩) with the utmost precision, a skill that other fisherman lack.
American Literature
The American Modernism (IV) (1914 - 1945)
Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961)
Hemingway
I. Biography:
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American writer and journalist. His distinctive writing style—known as the iceberg theory—characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20thcentury fiction, as did his apparent life of adventure and the public image he cultivated. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and his career peaked in 1954 when he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime, with a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works published after his death.
Pauline Marie Pfeiffer
After divorcing Hadley Richardson in 1927 Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced following Hemingway's return from covering the Spanish Civil War, after which he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls .
Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in the village of Oak Park, Illinois, close to the prairies and woods west of Chicago. Both here and in Michigan, he would explore, camp, fish and hunt with his physician father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway.
III. His Collections of Stories
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), In Our Time (1924) Men without Women (1927) Winner Take Nothing (1933) First Forty-nine Stories (1938)
After leaving high school he worked for a few months as a reporter, before leaving for the Italian front to become an ambulance driver during World War I, which became the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. He was seriously wounded and returned home within the year.
5) To Have And Have Not (1937) 6) The Fifth Column (his only play 1938) 7) For Whom The Bell Tolls (1940), in detailing an incident in the war, argues for human brotherhood. 8) Across the River and into the Trees (1950) 9) The Old Man And The Sea (1952, Pulitzer Prize), celebrates the indomitable(不屈服的) courage of an aged Cuban fisherman. 10) Paris: A Moveable Feast (1964) 11) Islands in the Stream (1970)
In Europe in the 1920's , Ernest learned from avant-garde writers like Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound. Hemingway used these methods in short stories and novels that captured the attention of both critics and the public.
4) Green Hills of Africa (1935), a nonfiction work about big-game hunting, glorify virility(男子 气), bravery, and the virtue of a primal(最初 的) challenge to life.
Both parents and their nearby families fostered the Victorian priorities of the time: religion, family, work and discipline. They followed the Victorians' elaborate sentimental style in living and writing. At Oak Park and River Forest High School, Ernest reported and wrote articles, poems and stories for the school's publications largely based on his direct experiences.