历史学专业英语05-Marxist_Historiography

Manifesto (1848):
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Historical Materialism
• “Society does not consist of individuals, but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand."
Marxist Historiography
Dr Mark J Crowley MJC83@LIVE.CO.UK
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Background
• In capitalist countries, always connected to opposition
• Became popular in the 1960s • ‘History of society’ • 1930-1970: British Marxists (the Annales)
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Basic ideas
• Capitalism oppresses the proletariat. • The proletariat are the majority of the world's
population • They work for the benefit of the bourgeoisie
• — Karl Marx, Grundrisse, 1858
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Friedrich Engels, ‘The Condition of the Working Class in England’
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Friedrich Engels
• 19th century German political philosopher • Worked with Marx • Shared like views of philosophy and socialism, • Wrote Die heilige Familie (The Holy Family). • The French deported Marx from France in
January 1845 • Engels and Marx moved to Belgium
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Marx and Engels
• In 1847, they began writing The Communist Manifesto (1848)
• March 1848, Belgium expelled them - moved to Cologne.
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Karl Marx, Das Kapital
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Kaຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidul Marx
• German philosopher and political economist
• Concerned with the alienation and exploitation of the working class
• Socialism:
– workers gain class consciousness – proletarian revolution to depose the capitalist
dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, – dictatorship of the proletariat established – the means of production can be realized.
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Marx’s ideas about development
• Primitive Communism • Slave Society: tribal progression to city-state;
Aristocracy is born. • Feudalism: aristocrats are the ruling class;
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Classical Marxism
• Economy was central to everything • Explanation for the collapse of capitalism • Political change linked to economic change
• Opposed capitalist production, and historical materialism.
• Class struggle
• “The history of all hitherto existing society is
the history of class struggles”. Communist
merchants evolve into capitalists. • Capitalism: capitalists are the ruling class, who
create and employ the proletariat.
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Marx ideas about development
• Published Neue Rheinische Zeitung, a politically radical newspaper.
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Marx and Engels
• 1849 deported from Germany and went to London
• British Prime Minister Lord John Russell refused to expel them, even though Prussia wanted them to.
• Communism: a classless and stateless society.
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The proletariat
• “those individuals who sell their labour power, and who, in the capitalist mode of production, do not own the means of production”