应激性心肌病

• Coronary microvascular dysfunction
冠状动脉微血管功能障碍
• Increasing plasma levels of catecholamines
交感神经过度兴奋和血浆儿茶酚胺水平增高
• Reduction in estrogen levels following menopause
雌激素水平降低
MANAGEMENT
• The treatment of patients with SC is mainly supportive
目前尚无标准化的治疗方案,去除诱发因素很关键,加强对症支持治疗
• Patients with shock, cautious use of inotropic agents such as dobutamine and dopamine
chest pain and dyspnea .shock, syncope, and
cardiac arrest have been reported rarely • 2/3 of patients with emotional or physical stress
ECG FINDINGS
• ST elevation in the precordial and diffuse T wave are the most common findings
监测ECG 1
2013.11.04
监测ECG 2
11.05
11.06
监测cTnI
冠脉CTA
• Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy, Apical Ballooning syndrome,and ampulla cardiomyopathy
• Broken Heart syndrome，Transient Cardiac Ballooning syndrome • 应激性心肌病是应激因素诱发的类似急性冠脉综合征临床 表现，伴有可逆性左室收缩功能障碍的一种临床综合征
IMAGING
• Echocardiography
ventricular ballooning，wall motion abnormalities， decrease in EF
• Nuclear Imaging
using Tc-99m，impairment of myocardial perfusion
谨慎使用β受体兴奋剂以及多巴胺或多巴酚丁胺，必要时可考虑IABP 支持
• It is reasonable to treat SC with β -blocker, ACE inhibitor and if pulmonary edema evelops,diuretics
β受体阻滞剂、ACEI或ARB被推荐使用，β受体阻滞剂可预防2.7%-8% 的病人复发
Absence of obstructive coronary disease or angiographic evidence of acute plaque rupture
冠脉造影示冠状动脉管狭窄程度＜50%，或无急性斑块破裂证据
New electrographic abnormalities and/or modest elevation in serum cardiac enzymes 新出现心电图异常或心肌酶学轻度升高 Absence of pheochromocytoma or myocarditis 排除嗜铬细胞瘤、心肌炎
联ST-T改变。UCG:1.双房扩大 室间隔,左室前壁室壁运动幅度 减低,三尖瓣轻度反流, 左室收缩功能稍减低,心包腔少量积液 心
律不齐;2.先天性心脏病：房间隔小缺损（筛孔型，左向右分
流）。cTnI 0.096ng/ml
急诊室UCG
• 入院诊断
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 急性前壁心肌梗死 心房颤动 心功能I级（Killip分级）
明显相关，并且提出了应激性心肌病的概念
• 2006年AHA关于心肌病的科学声明中，将其分类为一种 独立的心肌病，正式命名为应激性心肌病
Definition
• SC is a reversible cardiomyopathy,with a clinical presentation mimicking Acute coronary syndrome in the absence of significant coronary artery disease
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging
patients with SC do not show hyper-enhancement on delayed contrast enhancement MRI
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• The causal mechanisms remain uncertain 机制不明确 Stunned myocardium resulting from brief periods of ischemia owing to vasospasm is one possibility 心肌顿抑（冠脉痉挛引起短暂心肌缺血所致）是 一种可能的机制
All 4 criteria must be present
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
INCIDENCE
• The incidence of SC is likely underrecognized • Approximately 1% to 2% of patients presenting with an initial diagnosis ACS actually have SC 发病率不明确，1%-2%的ACS患者实为SC • Underestimated for a variety of reasons：
LABORATORY FINDINGS
• Elevations in troponin and creatine kinase MB are typically mild • Severe hemodynamic compromise is out of proportion and in contrast to the degree of cardiac enzyme elevation • Troponin T levels ranged from 0.01 to 5.2 ng/mL
应激性心肌病
Stress Cardiomyopathy，SC
Diagnosis, Pathophysiology,Management, and Prognosis
武汉亚洲心脏病医院
徐承义
History
• 1991年日本学者Dote等报道心理或躯体应激状态可以诱 发一过性左心室功能不全，由于在收缩末期左心室造影 呈底部圆隆、颈部狭小的图像，类似日本古代捉捕章鱼 的篓子，而被命名为“Tako-tsudo”(章鱼瘘)心肌病 • 1997年法国的心脏病学家Dominique Pavin报道了2例 类似的病例，指出应激状态时儿茶酚胺水平升高和该病
Case Review
• 王得清，男/66岁， • 主诉：胸痛2天，晕厥一次 • 现病史：2013.11.2日突发胸痛，位于下段胸骨后，压迫 感，持续约半小时好转，于当地诊所诊治过程中突发黑朦、 晕厥，数秒后意识恢复。11.3日14:00再发胸痛，性质同 前，程度较前剧烈伴出汗，持续不能缓解，当地医院诊断 “AMI”，给予药物治疗（ASA300mg ,波立维300mg, 立普妥20mg）及杜冷丁肌注后好转。
Mayo Criteria
Criteria proposed by the Mayo Clinic in 2004 and
modified in 2008
Transient hypokinesis, akinesis, or dyskinesis in the left ventricle
midsegments with or without apical involvement, regional wall
住院号：654098
• 既往史、个人史及家族史无特殊。 • 入院查体：T 36.6℃，P 98bpm，R 20bpm，BP
140/80mmHg，肺部以及查体无阳性体征；HR 104次/分，律
绝对不齐，S1强弱不等，各瓣膜听诊区未闻及杂音；双下肢无 水肿
• 院前辅助检查：2013年11月4日我院ECG:1.心房颤动2.前壁导
be 11.4% ,but without any significant difference in survival in an age and gender-matched population over the same duration
SC长期预后相对较好, 避免情绪激动,在预防复发中非常重要
• 胸前导联ST段抬高及多导联T波倒置最为常见
Differentiate SC from anterior STEMI
Presence of ST segment depression in lead avR and absence of ST segment elevation in lead V1 identified SC with 91% sensitivity, 96% specificity,and 95% predictive accuracy
PRESENTATION
• It occurs most commonly in postmenopausal Women（90%）, mean age between 58 and 75 yrs • SC seems to have an association with hypertension, COPD, and bronchial asthma • SC mimics ACS in most patients，acute substernal
nonavailability of cardiac catheterization facilities in many regions the possibility for noncardiac presentation lack of a consensus of diagnostic criteria may contribute to misdiagnosis
PROGNOSIS
• SC has a favorable prognosis with in-hospital mortality 1%, with death more common in the setting of outflow obstruction
• The 4-year recurrence rate of SC has been reported to
motion abnormality extending beyond a single epicardial vascular distribution, the presence of a stress trigger
左心室心尖和中部区域室壁运动短暂、超出单一血管供血范围的可逆
性收缩功能丧失或异常，并存在应激因素
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Coronary angiography
Left ventriculography
A RAO end systolic left ventriculogram in typical variant (apical ballooning) of SC. B RAO end-diastolic ventriculogram in typical variant of SC. C RAO end-systolic left ventriculogram in atypical variant (basal ballooning) of SC. D RAO end-diastolic ventriculogram in atypical variant of SC.