高中英语任务型阅读练习题doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A problem shared can be a problem doubled

People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ________ The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination". Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. ________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).

If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ________ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.

Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.

________ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.

And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.

A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better.

B. How you co-ruminate matters too.

C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.

D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.

E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study

suggests.

F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.

【答案】 D；F；A；C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。与朋友过多地讨论问题，反复讨论同样的问题，期待未来的问题，并关注负面情绪，这种被称为"共同反刍"。共同反刍是一把双刃剑，可能会让问题减半，也可能会让问题加倍。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health."可知拥有亲密的朋友确实可以很好地缓解心理健康状况。后文，也就是从第二段开始作者介绍了共同反刍的涵义和利弊。空格处需要承上启下，D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it."但是，如何讨论问题可能是将问题减半或加倍问题的区别。"切题，故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"In a study…with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys)."可知下文介绍了一项涉及7至15岁儿童的研究，研究发现男孩和女孩的共同反刍与"高质量"和亲密的友谊有关。然而，在女孩中，它也与焦虑和抑郁有关。说明共同反刍既有利也有弊。承上启下， F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword."研究发现共同反刍是把双刃剑"切题。F项的researches与后文的the study相呼应。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate."可知作者想用个人反刍的理论来更好地解释朋友间的共同反刍。承接上文， A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better."根据反刍的主要理论，人们相信反刍会帮助他们找到答案并让他们感觉更好。"切题。A项 a leading theory on rumination与前文中的the theory behind why individuals ruminate相呼应。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination —regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not."可知在如果在治疗时出现了这件事(this)，强烈的治疗关系很可能是共同反刍的积极结果- 无论客户的症状是否有所改善。空格处需要解释后文this指代的是什么，即什么发生了。呼应下文， C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist."专注于反刍的内容存在促进客户和治疗师之间共同反思的风险。"切题。后文this指代的就是C项的内容。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．任务型阅读

This time of year, thousands of college applicants wait for e-notices and auspiciously(吉利地) sized envelopes from schools, under terrible pressure from their parents, friends, teachers, and themselves. As to this, I offer some advice, which comes not only from a bit of experience, but also a bit of research: just cool out and continue, okay?

Many parents and students think there is a world of difference between the lifelong outcomes of an A-minus student who gets into, say. Princeton, and an A-minus student who applies to Princeton but "only" gets into some less selective school, like Penn State or the University of Wisconsin. They assume that a decision made by faceless Ivy League admissions officers, to some extent, will mark the difference between success and failure in life.

There are two important things to say about this stress. First, to put the anxiety into context, the kids applying to these schools are already doing quite well. Seventy percent of 29--year--olds don't have a bachelor's degree, and the majority of BAs are earned at non-selective schools that accept a majority of their applicants. Many of the applicants have already won life's lottery.

But if that doesn't ease the nerves of the 40,000 people waiting on Stanford or Penn, here is a more encouraging conclusion from economics. For most applicants, it doesn't matter if they don't get into their top choice, according to a paper by Stacy Dale, a mathematician at Mathematica Policy Research, and Alan Krueger, an economist at Princeton University. They tracked two groups of students——-one that attended college in the 1970s and the other in the early 1990s. They wanted to know：Did students attending the most elite colleges earn more in their 30s. 40s. and 50s than students with similar SAT scores, who were rejected by elite colleges? The short answer was no. Or, in the author's language, the difference between the students who went to super-selective schools and the students with similar SAT scores rejected by those schools and went to less selective institutions was "indistinguishable from zero."

What does that mean? It means that, for many students, "who you are" is more important than where you go. It's hard to show that highly selective colleges add much earning power, even with their distinguished professors and professional networks. In addition, the decision of admissions officers isn't as important as the sum of the decisions, habits, and relationships students have built up to this point in their young life.

For the elite colleges themselves, the Dale-Krueger paper had additional, fascinating findings. It's found that the most selective schools do make an extraordinary difference in life earning for minority students from less--educated families who are more likely to rely on colleges to provide the training and job networks with great influence. Getting into Princeton if your parents went to Princeton? Fine, although not a game-changer. But getting into Princeton if your parents both left community college after a year? That could be game-changing. Whatever the results, it's more important to choose a university that is suited to the college applicants.

Personal/Individual；Nothing；influential；fit

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对等待通知书而焦虑的人，作者提出的一些建议。许多家长和学生认为，一个进入大学的学生的终身成绩之间存在着差异，但在后来的研究调查中显示，对于许多学生来说，“你是谁”比你去哪里更重要。但是无论如何，选择一所适合的大学对申请者而言更为重要。

（1）考查信息理解，根据第一段中的“under terrible pressure from their parents, friends, teachers, and themselves.”在父母，朋友，老师和他们自己的巨大压力下。可知大学申请者在等待入学决定时往往感到压力，故填stressed/pressured。

（2）考查信息理解。根据第一段中的“A s to this, I offer some advice, which comes not only from a bit of experience，but also a bit of research: just cool out and continue, okay?”对此，我提出了一些建议，这些建议不仅仅来自于一些经验, 但也有一些研究：冷静下来，继续，好吗？carry on=continue，故填on。

（3）考查信息概括。第二段是人们对此问题的设想，因此填 assumption。

（4）考查信息转换。根据第二段中的“ They assume that a decision made by faceless Ivy League admissions officers, to some extent, will mark the difference between success and failure in life.”，可知人们普遍的一个误解是他们所上的学校会决定生活中的成功或失败。故填 decided/determined。

（5）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the kids applying to these schools are already doing quite well.”以及“Many of the applicants have already won life's lottery.”可知，申请顶尖大学的人其实在自己的人生中已经成功了一半，故填applying。

（6）考查信息转换。根据第四段中的“Did students attending the most elite colleges earn more in their 30s. 40s. and 50s than students with similar SAT scores, who were rejected by elite colleges?”上精英大学的学生在30多岁，40多岁和50对岁的时候比有相似的SAT成绩，被精英大学拒绝的学生挣的钱多吗？reject=turn down，故填down。

（7）考查信息转换。根据第五段中的“It means that, for many students, ‘who you are’is more important than where you go.”可知，学生的个人品质比他们去哪上大学更重要，故填Personal/Individual。

（8）考查信息转换。根据第五段中的“In addition, the decision of admissions officers isn't as important as the sum of the decisions, habits, and relationships students have built up to this point in their young life.”另外，招生官员的决定并不像学生们在他们的年轻生活中已经建立起的决定，习惯和人际关系的总和那么重要，可知什么也没有比学生获得社交和解决问题的能力重要，故填Nothing。

（9）考查信息转换。根据第六段中的“It's found that the most selective schools do make an

extraordinary difference in life earning for minority students from less-educated families who are more l ikely to rely on colleges to provide the training and job networks with great influence”可知，择优录取的大学对家庭受教育水平较低的少数学生的生活收入有显著影响。此处形容词作定语，故填 influential。

（10）考查信息理解。根据最后一段中的“ Whatever the results, it's more important to choose a university that is suited to th e college applicants.”不管结果如何，更重要的是选择一所适合申请人的大学。可知填fit。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息理解，信息转换和信息概括三个题型的考查。是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识，做出正确答案。

3．Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Traffic Regulation and Accident Prevention

We live in a remarkable time, and many of the once fatal diseases can now be cured with modern medicine and surgery. It is almost certain that one day a cure will be found for the rest of the diseases. Expectations of life have greatly increased. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible killing of men, women and children on the roads. Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. ________

Nothing can seriously increase your risk of potentially fatal car accidents other than speeding and failing to pay due attention to weather conditions. ________ There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities. Usually quiet and pleasant people, when they are behind the steering wheel, will become unrecognizable. They are impolite, aggressive, self-willed like two-year-old, completely selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments, and jealousy seem to be caused by driving.

________ It's all for his own convenience. Due to a serious tragedy, the city is almost uninhabitable and the huge parking lot makes the town ugly. The destruction of rural areas and the annual mass killings are just a statistic, easily forgotten. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are not strict and even the strictest are not strict enough.

Traffic rules are for everyone to follow under any circumstances, and no one can make an exception unless you make a joke of your own life. Universally accepted standards can only have a significant beneficial on the incidence of accidents. Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers. ________ These measures may sound cruel. However, if these measures result in a reduction in the loss of life every year, they should certainly not be considered serious. After all, the world belongs to humans, not cars.

A. There are five reason for the accident and you are guilty.

B. Every year thousands of people are horribly killed, and we sit still and let it happen.

C. Surprisingly, society should smile at the driver and forgive him.

D. Someone has rightly said that when a person is sitting behind the steering wheel, his car becomes an extension of his personality.

E. All advertisements that emphasize power and performance should be banned.

F. It is time to develop a universal norm to reduce this senseless waste of human life.

【答案】 B；D；C；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些关于交通管制与事故预防措施，从而减少交通事故的发生。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Man fights against the motor-car. It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.” 人与汽车搏斗，这是一场人类正在输掉的永无休止的战斗，因此可知每年都有成千上万的人惨死，我们却坐视不理，听之任之。故选B。（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man's very worst qualities.”毫无疑问，汽车经常暴露出一个人最坏的品质，可知，汽车是一个人个性的延伸。故选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“It's all for his own convenience.”一切都是为了他自己的方便，可知，社会对司机微笑并原谅是令人惊讶的。故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Governments should develop safety codes for manufacturers”.政府应该为制造商制定安全守则；再根据空后“These measures may sound cruel.”这些措施听起来可能很残酷，可知，作者建议所有强调汽车力量和性能的广告都应该被禁止。故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daily overuse of media and technology has a bad effect on the health of all children and teenagers by making them more open to anxiety, and more at risk of future health problems.________ Many newer apps automatically show where the users are when they're used. This can tell anyone out there exactly where to find the person using the app.

________They are also upset about their kids spending time on Facebook accounts instead of getting down to their homework assignments, and are afraid of what can come out of their online connections.

________ One way is to make a “social media agreement” with your kids—a real contract they can sign. In it, they can agree to protect their own privacy, consider their reputation, and not give out personal information.________

In turn, parents agree to respect teens' privacy while making an effort to be part of the social media world. Parents also can help kids spend less time on the computer by putting limits on media use.________Avoid laptops and smartphones in bedrooms, and set some rules on the use of technology. And don't forget that setting a good example through your own virtual behavior can go a long way toward helping your kids use social media safely.

A. Trust their children more.

B. Keep computers in public areas in the house.

C. It's important to be aware of what your kids are doing online.

D. Besides, they promise never to use technology to hurt anyone else.

E. Spending too much time on social media can make kids feel upset, too.

F. Kids also can face the possibility of meeting the wrong person lace to face.

G. Parents often say that kids would rather be online than hang around with them.

【答案】 F；G；C；D；B

【解析】【分析】文章介绍了每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，父母的担心和解决办法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，使他们更容易焦虑，更容易出现健康问题。F项：孩子们也会面临着遇到错误的人的可能性，与上文并列，也是对青少年的另一方面的危害，故答案选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母们担心孩子在网络上花时间太多而不认真写作业，G项：家长们常说孩子们宁愿上网而不愿和他们在一起，符合本段内容，都是说明家长对这种现象的看法，故答案选G。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲这种现象和家长们的担心，本段讲解决问题的办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，C项：知道你的孩子在网上做什么很重要，承上启下，指出了问题的严重性和解决办法，故答案选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。与本段One way呼应，办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，此外就是他们承诺永远不会用技术伤害别人。D项表达了此意，故答案选D。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母帮助孩子减少上网时间的具体措施，B项：把电脑放在家里的公共区域，是措施之一，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读设空在句首时，存在以下两种情况：

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。

5．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019. ________

Directed by Xu Jun, Shimmer is a musical in both English and Chinese. Shimmer, which tells a story about Jews who fled to Shanghai to escape Nazi persecution (迫害) during World War II, was first shown at the Shanghai Culture Square in 2015. ________ The musical's scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the

establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. With this play being shown on Broadway, the ties between Chinese people and Americans will be firmly strengthened. And through this drama, the audience can feel the charm of Chinese culture.

________ To deal with the problem, many production companies in Shanghai have pointed out that they should keep striving for improvement by creating more Chinese musicals and by creating more audiences. Currently, those who watch Western musicals in China are limited to a small group — people who have received a university education or have had overseas working experiences, white-collar and even gold-collar workers. There are only a handful of people who understand foreign languages and you have to find a way to motivate the public and get them into the theater.

________ There has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits.

A. What do you think we can do to prevent Chinese musicals from declining in popularity?

B. At that time, the musical was chosen as the opening show for the 17th China Shanghai International Arts Festival.

C. The box office is expected to be twice higher than that of last year, reaching $1 million in total.

D. The small audience size hasn't discouraged local artists from producing outstanding works.

E. The deal is a milestone for Shimmer in its goal to further spread its influence to the world.

F. Despite the huge success of Shimmer, the team is facing a limited market.

【答案】 E；B；F；D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍恒元翔戏剧发展公司将《犹太人在上海》推向国际舞台，尽管获得可巨大的成功，但很多制作公司自身发展,面临着观众少，市场狭窄的问题，与此同当地艺术家仍然在不断创作优秀作品。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Shanghai Hengyuanxiang Drama Development Company and Netherlander Worldwide Entertainment signed a deal last November that would see Shimmer (《犹太人在上海》) become the first Chinese musical to have an open-ended run on Broadway in 2019.”可知，上海恒元翔戏剧发展公司和尼德兰全球娱乐公司去年11月签署了一项协议，将使《犹太人在上海》成为中国第一部在2019年在百老汇公开上映的音乐剧。所以小题1要说明这项协议给《犹太人在上海》带来的影响和意义。E. The deal is a milestone for Shimmer in its goal to further spread its influence to the world.“该协议是《犹太人在上海》进一步将其影响力扩大到世界的目标的一个里程碑”符合题意。故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“The musical's scheduled open-ended run in 2019 will be one of the events to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and United States”可知，这部音乐剧定于2019年公开上映，将是庆祝中美建交40周年的活动之一。《犹太人在上海》不是第一次上映，所以判断出小题2要说明它在2015年因为什么而上映的。B. At that time, the musical was chosen as the opening show for the 17th China Shanghai International Arts Festival.“当时，这部音乐剧被选为第十七届中国上海国际艺术节的开幕式上表演。”符合题意。故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。由第三段的内容可知，第三段主要介绍了上海的许多制作公司通过创作更多的中国音乐剧和吸引更多的观众来不断努力改进自己的作品，以及观众群体的局限性。这都说明尽管《犹太人在上海》取得了巨大的成功，但团队仍面临着有限的市场。所以判断出小题3是本段的标题。F. Despite the huge success of Shimmer, the team is facing a limited market.“尽管《犹太人在上海》取得了巨大的成功，但团队仍面临着有限的市场”为本段的标题。故选F。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“there has been a handful of successful musical stories in Shanghai. The Chinese editions of Broadway musicals Cats and Mamma Mia, both of which had hundreds of shows across China, are among the top box office hits. ”可知上海有一些成功的音乐故事。百老汇音乐剧《猫》和《妈妈咪呀》的中国版在中国各地都有数百场演出，都是票房冠军。所以这里具体列举了很多百老汇音乐剧的中国版都取得了不错的票房，意在说明观众人数少并没有妨碍当地艺术家创作优秀作品。所以此处要起到总说的作用，然后在进行解释说明。 D. The small audience size hasn't discouraged local artists from producing outstanding works.“观众人数少并没有妨碍当地艺术家创作优秀作品”符合句意。故选D。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

6．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

If you travel, you will leave a carbon footprint in your wake. You can't help it. But eco-friendly travel practices can lighten the harm on Mother Earth. Green travel is not a passing trend but a lifestyle choice. ________.

Choosing a green destination

No destination is a Green Giant. ________. However, some countries and cities show a deep commitment to Earth-friendly policies and practices. When researching a vacation spot, look for places that naturally embrace the green lifestyle.

Choosing green transportation

What makes Mother Earth proud? Seeing you use your own power to get around. Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays. ________. The greenest rides typically run on electric power. Switzerland is taking the lead with its hybrid buses and trains powered by hydroelectricity; Japan is running close behind.

Choosing a green hotel

Once you are at your destination, if you can get the hotel right, you can make the greatest impact. ________. Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk. You can also search for hotels approved by respected certification programs, such as Green Key and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.

________.

The Earth-friendly choices are numerous: You can sail, bike, kayak, bike, swim, bird-watch and play I-spy-a-monkey in a tree. Visit a local food market, and don't forget to bring a reusable bag for purchases. You can also lend a hand during your holiday. The green movement has changed from how to preserve and protect to how to use less and do good when you're there.

A. Choosing green travel

B. Choosing green activities

C. Next in line are trains and buses

D. They all make environmental missteps

E. Most major chains operate in-house green program

F. If you plan to drive, consider a fuel-efficient vehicle

G. Follow the tips and watch your footprints turn greener

【答案】 G；D；C；E；B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行绿色旅游的几点建议。

（1）上文说绿色旅游不是一时的潮流，而是一种生活方式的选择，下文又介绍了绿色旅游的建议，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，G项（遵循这些建议，看着你的脚印变得更绿）符合语境，故答案选G。

（2）根据本空前的“No destination is a Green Giant.”可知，没有哪一个目的地是绿色巨人，此处是说它们在环境方面都有不足之处，D项（它们都犯了环境方面的错误）符合语境，故答案选D。

（3）根据本空前的“Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays.”可知，很多探险旅行社安排自行车、徒步旅行和徒步度假，此处说的还是旅行方式，C项（接下来是火车和公共汽车）符合语境，故答案选C。

（4）根据本空后的“Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk.”可知，在网上找一份简报，或打电话给前台，此处应该提到企业或机构，E项（大多数大型连锁企业都有自己的绿色计划）符合语境，故答案选E。

（5）根据本段中的“The Earth-friendly choices are numerous”可知，有很多绿色活动可供选择，B项（选择绿色活动）符合语境，故答案选B。

【点评】七选五阅读解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等。2. 注重词汇的衔接：也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现。3.注重举例或解释等。

7．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Seven years ago, my wife told our 6-year-old daughter about our wedding weekend. My wife had moved back home to spend the weekend with her family.

As I was tucking our daughter in (把女儿的被子掖好) later that night, she asked if she could "come home like mommy did" when she got married one day. (Hopefully, one day far off into the future...) I told her our house would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.

After a few seconds, I could see her mind churning (思绪翻腾)—the happiness dissipated. She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits, "Your belly is too big and you are too fat. I don't know if you are going to make it."

I was shocked. It was true that my health had fallen into a huge decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix. I had not thought of it as destroying a future with my family. A 6-year-old girl saw what I missed.

I decided to run a mile the next morning. I couldn't make it 1/4 mile. I didn't give up and went out the next morning.

Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and regularly run ultra marathons. I attempted my first 100 miles last August, but I missed the terminal point at mile 87 after running on a torn hamstring (腿筋撕裂) for the previous 79 miles.

Yet, the most important distance I will ever go will be walking her down the aisle (结婚) one day. I would not make it if it hadn't been for the honesty and innocence of a 6-year-old.

（1）Why was the author's daughter happy? (no more than 15 words)

（2）What does the underlined word "dissipated" in Paragraph 3 mean? (one word)

（3）What happened to the author as he was building Contegix? (no more than 10 words) （4）What does the author regularly do seven years later? (no more than 5 words)

（5）What do you think of the author? Please explain. (no more than 25 words)

【答案】（1）Because she was told the house would be always open to her.

Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.

（2）disappeared. /vanished.

（3）His health declined. /His health fell into a huge decline.

（4）He regularly runs ultra marathons.

Or: Running ultra marathons.

（5）He's a good father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take care of his health (take exercise regularly) for his family.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者与女儿7年前的一段对话，是女儿所说的话让作者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者也不想让女儿失望。七年之后作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比赛，但作者很满足，作者认为最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I told her our house would always be open to her. She gave me a big hug and a kiss on the cheek. She was extremely happy.”可知，作者的女儿快乐是因为作者告诉她他们家的门永远向她敞开。故填Because she was told the house would be always open to her. Or: Because the author told her their house would be always open to her.（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She pushed her finger into my belly and told me in low spirits.”可知，女儿情绪变得低落，所以"dissipated"意思是Disappeared./Vanished (消失) 的意思，女儿的快乐了。故填disappeared./vanished.

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“It was true that my health had fallen into a h uge decline in the previous five years as I was building Contegix.”可知，作者在建造Contegix时，作者的健康状况急剧下降。故填His health declined./His health fell into a huge decline.

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Seven years later, I have lost 60 pounds and regularly run ultra marathons.”可知，七年后，作者减掉了60磅，并定期参加超级马拉松比赛。故填He regularly runs ultra marathons.Or: Running ultra marathons.

（5）考查推理判断。短文叙述了作者与女儿的7年前的一段对话，是女儿所说的话让作

者更加关注自己的健康并给了作者减肥的决心和动力，与此同时作者不想让女儿失望。七年之后作者减掉了60磅，并参加了超级马拉松，由于腿筋撕裂，作者没有完成比赛，但作者很满足，作者认为最重要的距离是在女儿结婚时，陪女儿走过红地毯的距离。短文中充满了父亲对女儿的爱，对家庭的爱。所以作者是一个好父亲，因为他不想让女儿失望，所以他通过锻炼的方式使自己更健康，是为了女儿，也是为了这个家。故填He's a good father because he didn't want to disappoint his daughter and began to take care of his health ( take exercise regularly ) for his family.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

8．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Every person has a history of pain and tragedy that includes regret from the situation. At times, it's often hard to explain that pain to someone else. The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.

This has often been my challenge when I try to explain what occurred to me. When I was younger, I was a victim of a tragic accident that changed my life both academically and emotionally. At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed. The injury was so severe that I was rushed to the emergency room and the doctors explained to my mom that I suffered from a blood clot (血块) located on the left side of the brain.

I was later diagnosed with what is known as a traumatic brain injury (外伤性脑损伤)．This accident affects my long term memory and testing ability. I often struggle with understanding information related to school and feel frustrated that I will not pass my tests. The pressure of school is so much, since I must always work harder than most students.

I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but often flunk or re-take tests. It is hard to imagine, because in my mind I feel prepared for the work; however, the test results do not connect with the information in my brain. Although I always don't pass my tests, I feel like this injury encourages me to work and shows me that I can be confident when it comes to the future. For example, I have been able to maintain my grades, been employed for over a year at a local restaurant, and obtained my driver's license. I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit my life journey.

（1）What is worse when someone suffers a tragedy in his life according to the author?(no more than 7 words)

（2）What was the author's tragic accident that changed his life? (no more than 9 words) （3）Why is the author always struggling with his study at school? (no more than 8 words) （4）What does the underlined word “flunk” mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)

（5）What do you think of the author? Give your reasons. (no more than 25words)

【答案】（1）The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.

（2）He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.

（3）Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.

（4）Fail

（5）He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为十六个月时摔下床，导致大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，使得作者学习事物变得艰难。但是作者依然保持乐观，对未来充满了希望。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段中的“The challenge with a tragedy is the lack of support from someone.”可知作者认为比生活中遭遇悲剧更糟糕的是缺少他人的支持。故填The lack of support from someone./Lacking support from others.。

（2）考查信息归纳。根据第二段中的“At sixteen months old, due to the neglect of my babysitter I fell off the bed.”可知改变了作者人生的悲剧事故是他在十六个月的时候摔下了床。故填He fell off the bed at sixteen months old.。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“This accident affects m y long term memory and testing ability.”可知这次事故导致作者的大脑受到创伤，影响了作者的长期记忆和操作能力，因此导致作者经常很难理解与学校有关的信息。故填Because he got a traumatic brain injury./His memory and testing ability became poor.。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“I become easily disappointed that I study a lot but o ften”可知作者虽然努力学习了，但是变得很容易失望，可以推测作者的学习经常“失败；不及格”，故填fail。

（5）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“I look forward to attending college, getting married, raising a family, and being a success. I will continue to live my life to the fullest and prove that an injury does not limit m y life journey.”可知作者虽然被一次意外事故改变了生活，但是依然对生活充满期待，渴望过充实的生活。故填He is positive/optimistic. Although his life is changed by a tragic accident, he wants to live a full life.。

【点评】本题涉及信息归纳，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.________

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.________

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ________ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

F. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

G. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

【答案】D；C；G；F；B

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据上一句的When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉，它不到一个月就死了，可知，D项“同样，人若几天不睡觉就会生病。”最切题。故答案选D。

（2）考查细节理解。结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆，而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话，考试的成绩会更好。”由此可知，C项最切题。故答案选C。

（3）考查推理判断。结合上文，上文提及的是一个理论，选项G中的“Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. 朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人”正好呼应，故答案选G。

（4）考查推理判断。根据下文可知，老鼠在睡眠结束时，突触会变小18%，表明睡眠时神经元会变弱，F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应，故答案选F。（5）细节理解。根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱，但有些神经元会保持不变，再结合下文说，你记住了最重要的事，由此可知，B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好。故答案选B。

【点评】七选五题型解题技巧：在答题中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。

10．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Life on a Ship

We three children were very excited when we walked up the gangway (舷梯) of the British flagship China Star and saw officers, crew and staff rushing around. A Chinese housekeeper led the way and helped Uncle Jean and Aunt Reine with our luggage. Victor, Claudine and I lagged

behind. The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone. ________ As we followed him down a narrow corridor towards our cabins, Victor whispered to me, "One thing about having no hair at all on your head, you always look neat!"

Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph's, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people. ________ "Boys to the right and girls to the left," said Uncle Jean. Our two cabins were directly opposite each other. Inside, everything was neat, bare and clean. While Aunt Reine, Claudine and I were unpacking, there was a knock on the door.

Victor stood there, wearing a bright-red and orange life-jacket. "Why are you wearing that?" Claudine protested. "Our ship hasn't even sailed yet!" "In case the China Star starts going down. Then you'll really be sorry you're not wearing one yourself. Here! Let me show you something!" ________ Our cabin was below deck. Outside we could see nothing but deep dark water.

Claudine became alarmed. "Mama, how often does a ship sink?" she asked. Before Aunt Reine had time to reply, Victor quipped with a straight face, "Only once!" Aunt Reine and I could not help laughing in spite of ourselves. But then Victor did something my brothers would never have done. He took off his life-jacket, slipped it on his sister and showed her how to adjust the straps. ________ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.

A. Once Victor hid in a lifeboat for half an hour while we searched everywhere.

B. His head was completely hairless, and he was obviously unsteady.

C. He and Claudine made me feel at ease as soon as I met them.

D. There were only two narrow twin beds in our cabin, each covered with dark blue sheets.

E. He parted the curtain and looked out of the round window of the ship.

F. He jumped out as we passed below him, scaring and delighting us at the same time.

【答案】 B；C；E；D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了作者和另外两个小伙伴登上名为"China Star"的船之后的所见所闻以及个人感受。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ The housekeeper was tall and thin and towered over everyone.”是对管家外表的介绍：又高又瘦；以及空后"One thing about having no hair at all on your head"可知，管家（the housekeeper）没有头发。故该句承接前文，依然要介绍管家的外貌，还要提到没头发这一点，故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“ Though I was still feeling nervous and tongue-tied because it had only been three days since Aunt Reine took me out of St. Joseph's, I laughed out loud. That was the effect Victor had on people.”尽管作者仍然感到有点紧张，但是听了Victor说的话之后，也情不自禁地哈哈大笑。这就是Victor对他人的影响力。该空承接前文，仍然要提到作者的同伴带给他的感受， C. He and Claudine made me feel at ease as soon as I met them.“我一见到Victor和Claudine，他们就使我感到很舒服。”符合语境，古训啊C。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前Victor要让Claudine和作者看点东西。下句提到他们看到外面深而暗的水。那么该空就应该叙述Victor为了让他的同伴看到外面而做的举动，E. He parted the curtain and looked out of the round window of the ship.“他打开窗帘，向窗外看去。”承接上文，符合语境，故选E。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ At night, our housekeeper brought in a tiny roll-out bed because there were three of us.”因为我们有三个人，所以管家拿来一张床。那么，前句应该提到床的问题，D. There were only two narrow twin beds in our cabin, each covered with dark blue sheets.“我们的小屋里只有两张窄的双人床，每一张都覆盖着深蓝色的床单。”承接下文，符合语境，故选D。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

11．任务型阅读

Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases, it is the term used for being environmentally friendly. If you've been looking to replace your furniture, consider going green because environmentally friendly furniture offers many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.

First, environmentally friendly furniture isn't harmful to your health. Also its manufacturing process doesn't cause damage to the environment in any way. Besides, by purchasing eco-friendly products, you prevent deforestation and global warming to some extent in your own way. You do your part in protecting the environment. Environmentally friendly furniture is cost-effective as well.

The materials that are used in furniture are what make them green. Materials can be good for the environment either because they are materials that are considered renewable resources or they are all natural. A lack of chemicals and toxins (毒素) in green furniture also means it is a better choice for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be a green product but they really can be depending on what they're made of.

There are a lot of renewable sources that manufacturers could use when building the furniture, so you should be keeping an eye out for them. Bamboo can be an excellent replacement for wood and can also replace plastics and metals in some furnishing. Cotton is a sofa fabric that is safe for the environment and it can be replenished (补充) often. Hemp is also a renewable source that can be used for fabric and twine.

Recycled materials also can be made into green furniture. Metals can be recovered and remade into new things such as frames and foundations for sofas. Recycled plastic can also be made into furniture such as tables and chairs. Touching up old furniture instead of buying new items is very cheap way to be green. Yard sales and second-hand stores sell furniture too and buying the used means new things won't be made, so no more damage has to happen to the earth.

Therefore, when you want to hunt for the perfect environmentally friendly furniture, you should try to know the type of materials which are used in building the furniture.

reused/recycled/used；like；second-hand/used/old；better/necessary/important/vital/essential

【解析】【分析】如果你想换家俱，可以考虑选择绿色环保家俱，本文主要介绍了环保家俱的优势以及这种家俱材料的选择等有关事宜。

(1)根据右栏中可知，所列内容都是Environmentally friendly furniture的优势，可知答案为Benefits/Advantages。

(2)根据第二段第一句environmentally friendly furniture isn't harmful to your health.（环保家俱对你的身体是没害的。）可知，答案为harmless/beneficial。

(3)根据第二段第二句Also its manufacturing process doesn't cause damage to the environment in any way.（在某种程度上它的制作过程也没有对环境引起伤害。）可知，答案为avoids。

(4)根据第二段最后一句Environmentally friendly furniture is cost-effective as well.（环保家具也能帮助你节约钱。）可知，答案为save。

(5)根据第三段中A lack of chemicals and toxins (毒素) in green furniture also means it is a better choice for the environment.（这种材料含有较少的化学物质和毒素。）可知，答案为contain/have。

(6)根据第四段中Bamboo can be an excellent replacement for wood and can also replace plastics and metals in some furnishing.（竹子可以代替木材、塑料和金属。）可知，答案为replace。

(7)根据第五段中Metals can be recovered and remade into new things such as frames and foundations for sofas.（金属可以回收，改造成新的东西如沙发的框架和底部）可知，答案为reused/ recycled/used。

(8)根据第五段中Metals can be recovered and remade into new things such as frames and foundations for sofas.（金属可以回收，改造成新的东西如沙发的框架和底部，）可知，答案为like。like可以表示“像，如同”。

(9)根据第五段中Yard sales and second-hand stores sell furniture too and buying the used means new things won't be made, so no more damage has to happen to the earth.可知，买二手

家俱也是一个好主意，故答案为second-hand/used/old。

(10)根据最后一段you should try to know the type of materials which are used in building the furniture.可知，你应该试着了解建筑用的材料的种类也是有必要的。故答案为better/necessary/important/vital/essential。

【点评】本文主要考查考生对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。做题时可以采取以下步骤：阅读全文，掌握主要内容、作者的意图、文章的感情基调等；找出和题相对应的关键词；根据文章整体结构，再次通读全文，重点关注逻辑关系和关联结构，最终确定答案。

12．任务型阅读

Radar（雷达）is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog________ In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war________It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.

Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object________

Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships________Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.

________ Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.

A. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.

B. These measurements are now highly accurate.

C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.

D. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.

E. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.

F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.

G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar's most important functions.

【答案】E；D；B；A；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了雷达的发展历史以及雷达在各个领域的用途。

(1)根据前一句Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog.可知，雷达在飞机和航海中起着巨大的作用，因此，雷达对运货商

和旅行者特别有价值，选E。

(2)在上文内容But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war.中捕捉到关键词war，所以空格处的内容会涉及到war，故D项“在第二次世界大战期间，许多国家有效地使用雷达”符合本段内容，选D。(3)根据前一句On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object.可知，在屏幕上，观察者看到显示物体的方向和距离的闪光或光点，而现在这些测量值已经高度精确了。故选B。

(4)根据全段Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. ___4___Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon.可知，这一段主要讲了雷达在各个领域的用途，故选A。

(5)根据后文Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.可知，这一段主要讲了雷达在国防领域的重要作用，故选G。

【点评】文章介绍了雷达的起源和它的应用领域。通篇来看，文章首段说明雷达名称的由来并总述它的应用领域；再分别叙述雷达的历史起源，作用原理以及在不同领域的应用。文章出题考查了一道段首题、两道段中题、两道段尾题。考查学生获取段落主旨、辨别段落内部关联性、对段落分析总结的能力。

13．任务型阅读

Many people think only professionals—engineers, accountants, teachers, etc.—have careers.________ Even if you've never had a paid job, you still have a career. Your career is the sum of your life and work. It includes all your activities and experiences. Your schooling, your volunteer work, and even your relationships with your family are all big parts of your career.________

During your career, you will have a variety of jobs, occupations and roles. People used to think of a job as full-time, permanent, paid work done for an employer at a work site. But in our changing world, a job is a set of duties or tasks. It can be paid or unpaid________ Even someone who is self-employed has a job.

An occupation is a group of jobs with similar responsibilities that require a common set of skills.________ Programmers may have permanent or temporary jobs working for specific employers, be self-employed, work full-time or part-time, be paid for their work or volunteer their services. They may change jobs or hold several jobs at one time but, until they change the type of duties or tasks they perform, they are still computer programmers.

________ We all play a number of roles in our lives and our roles often change over time. For example, Kris works four days a week as a receptionist in a clinic and takes evening courses in social work. She also sews gymnastic wear for her neighbor who sells it at summer markets. Now Kris has at least three roles.

A. A role is a part you play.

B. Actually everyone has a career.

C. In other words, your career is your life story.

D. For example, computer programmer is an occupation.

E. As a matter of fact, a job is different from a role in some way.

F. It can be completed at a work site, at home, or somewhere else.

G. The following is about your work, your family, and your life story.

【答案】B；C；F；D；A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了我们每个人都有一份职业，其实我们的职业就是我们的生活和工作的总和。

（1）根据后句Even if you've never had a paid job, you still have a career.可知，事实上，每个人都有一份职业。故答案选B。

（2）根据前句Your schooling, your volunteer work, and even your relationships with your family are all big parts of your career.可知，所有的一切都是你的职业。故答案选C。

（3）根据前句But in our changing world, a job is a set of duties or tasks. It can be paid or unpaid.和后句Even someone who is self-employed has a job.可知，它可以在工作地点、家里或其他地方完成。故答案选F。

（4）根据前句An occupation is a group of jobs with similar responsibilities that require a common set of skills.和后句Programmers may have permanent or temporary jobs working for specific employers, be self-employed, work full-time or part-time, be paid for their work or volunteer their services.可知，计算机程序员是一份职业。故答案选D。

（5）根据后句We all play a number of roles in our lives and our roles often change over time.可知，我们在生活中都扮演着许多角色，并且我们的角色随着时间而改变。故答案选A。【点评】1．理清句际间意义的关系：文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。

2．找出句子之间的连接性的词语：文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有承接关系。

14．任务型阅读

A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.

________ Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone's reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way________ Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to steal with him.