各种变化规则
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英语动词第三人称单数变化规则
1、一般情况下,直接在动词词尾+s
get——gets take——takes play——plays
2、以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词,在词尾+es
Guess---guesses fix----fixes finish ---finishes teach---teaches go----goes do---does
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变为i,再加es
study ---studies try---tries fly----flies carry ----carries worry----worries
4、不规则动词(特殊情况)
Have--- has be ---- is
名词单复数的变化规则
1一般在名词词尾加s,
map—maps bird—birds orange—oranges ,bike—bikes
2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es
box—boxes class—classes watch —watches dish-dishes
3以O结尾的名词没有生命的后面加s,有生命的加es
photo—photos radio—radios
tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes
4、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es
baby—babies family—families
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s
boy—boys toy—toys
5以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves
knife—knives wife—wives leaf—leaves
动词现在分词的变化规则
1)一般情况下直接加ing
think---thinking sleep---sleeping study---studying speak---speaking carry---carrying
say---saying
2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing wake---waking make---making come---coming take---taking leave---leaving have---ha ving
3)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。初中学过的这类词有:
begin---beginning,cut----cutting,get---getting,hit---hitting,run--running,set---setting,sit---sitting,spit---spitting,sto p----stopping,swim---swimming,beg----begging,drop---dropping,fit--fitting,nod---nodding,dig---digging,forget----forgetting,regret---regretting,rid---ridding,等。
(visit不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写)travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing,如:travel---travelling.
4)以y结尾的动词直接加ing carry——carrying enjoy——enjoying
5)以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ing
die---dying lie--- lying
动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则
1一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed,如:work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:stop ---stopped
其他的不规则动词要单独记忆
形容词变副词的一般规则
具体规则如下:
1.一般情况下直接加“ly”,如:
quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; imediate-immediately; recent-recently 2. 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。如:true-truly; due-duly
绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如:
polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely;nice-nicely
3. 以“y”结尾的,且读音为 / i /,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如:
happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily
但是如果读音为 / ai /,直接加ly,如:dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy---shyly
4.以ic 结尾的词,加ally,如:
economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically;
automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically; 但是public-publicly 例外。5.以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y,如:
simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly
gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly
元音字母加le时加 ly,如:sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。
6. 以-ll结尾时,只须加–y,如:dull-dully; shrill-shrilly
需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如: