语用学讲义4：会话含义的进一步探讨
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（Mary hates the dentist）
（g）Austin: It wΒιβλιοθήκη Baidurks now. Barbara: When did Eric fix it?
（Eric fixed it）
（b）Terry: How do your bath? Phil: Warm. （I don’t like it hot） （c）Annie: What do you think of this necklace and bracelet? Mike: The bracelet is beautiful.（The necklace is not beautiful） （d）Lois: Has the kitchen been painted? Gabriela: Tom’s away.（No） （e）Jane: Have you seen my sweater? Steve: There’s a sweater on the sofa.（It’s not Steve’s sweater） （f）Mike: How come Mary’s all dressed up? Annie: We’re going to the D-E-N-T-I-S-T.
6.否定测试，以确定括弧里的推理是预设还是会话含义，如是会 话含义，是常规含义还是特殊含义？。 （a）Linda: What’s with Jean? Jen: She discovered that her central heating’s broken.
（Her central heating is broken)
4.以下括弧里的会话含义是基于听说双方的什么共 享的知识得出的？ （a）Tom: Are you going to Mark’s party tonight? Annie: My parents are in town. （No） （b）Tom: Where’s the salad dressing? Gabriela:We’ve run out of olive oil. （There isn’t any salad dressing.） （c）Steve: What’s with your mother? Jane: Let’s go into the garden. （I can’t talk about it in here.） （d）Mat: Want some fudge brownies? Chris: There must be 20,000 calories there. （No）
第5讲 会话含义的进一步探讨
1.根据第二个说话人的回答推测他的会话含义，并说 明你是怎么得出这些会话含义的。 （a）Carmen: Did you get the milk and the eggs? Dave: I got the milk. Did Dave buy the eggs? （b）Carmen: Did you manage to fix that leak? Dave: I tried to. Did Dave fix that leak? （c）Faye: I hear you’ve invited Mat and Charis. Ed: I didn’t invited Mat. Did Ed invite Charis? （d）Steve: What happened to your flowers? Jane: A dog got into the garden. Did the dog belong to Jane?
5．预设和会话含义取消后有何不同？ （a）取消存在预设 Mike: What happened? Annie: Steve’s dog wrecked the garden – and in fact, Steve doesn’t have a dog. （b）取消“词汇”预设 Mike: What’s up? Annie: I’ve stopped smoking – although I’ve never smoked. （c）取消常规含义 Mike: What’s happened to the shampoo? Annie: I used most of it – actually, I used all of it. （d）取消特殊含义 Mike: Are you coming to the party? Annie: My parents are in town – but I am coming.
3. 根据以下只有Steve知道的信息检查你写出的会话含 义。你能说Steve在对Jane说谎吗？为什么？ （a）Steve has in fact used all the printer paper. （b）Steve has been late with the rent every month since he moved in. （c）Steve knows for a fact that the plane was late because Mike and Annie called him from the airport. （d）Steve had absentmindedly put the cheese in the freezer and thawed it out before dinner hoping that Jane wouldn’t notice.
2.如果你是Jane，你会怎样理解Steve的回答？ （a）Jane: Who used all the printer paper? Steve: I used some of it. （b）Jane: I hear you’re always late with the rent. Steve: Well, sometimes I am. （c）Jane: Mike and Annie should be here by now. Was their plane late? Steve: Possibly. 再看下面这个对话，你能推导出Steve没有在冰箱里储 存奶酪吗？ （d）Jane: This cheese looks funny. The label said to store it in a cool place. Steve: Yeah, I did.
（g）Austin: It wΒιβλιοθήκη Baidurks now. Barbara: When did Eric fix it?
（Eric fixed it）
（b）Terry: How do your bath? Phil: Warm. （I don’t like it hot） （c）Annie: What do you think of this necklace and bracelet? Mike: The bracelet is beautiful.（The necklace is not beautiful） （d）Lois: Has the kitchen been painted? Gabriela: Tom’s away.（No） （e）Jane: Have you seen my sweater? Steve: There’s a sweater on the sofa.（It’s not Steve’s sweater） （f）Mike: How come Mary’s all dressed up? Annie: We’re going to the D-E-N-T-I-S-T.
6.否定测试，以确定括弧里的推理是预设还是会话含义，如是会 话含义，是常规含义还是特殊含义？。 （a）Linda: What’s with Jean? Jen: She discovered that her central heating’s broken.
（Her central heating is broken)
4.以下括弧里的会话含义是基于听说双方的什么共 享的知识得出的？ （a）Tom: Are you going to Mark’s party tonight? Annie: My parents are in town. （No） （b）Tom: Where’s the salad dressing? Gabriela:We’ve run out of olive oil. （There isn’t any salad dressing.） （c）Steve: What’s with your mother? Jane: Let’s go into the garden. （I can’t talk about it in here.） （d）Mat: Want some fudge brownies? Chris: There must be 20,000 calories there. （No）
第5讲 会话含义的进一步探讨
1.根据第二个说话人的回答推测他的会话含义，并说 明你是怎么得出这些会话含义的。 （a）Carmen: Did you get the milk and the eggs? Dave: I got the milk. Did Dave buy the eggs? （b）Carmen: Did you manage to fix that leak? Dave: I tried to. Did Dave fix that leak? （c）Faye: I hear you’ve invited Mat and Charis. Ed: I didn’t invited Mat. Did Ed invite Charis? （d）Steve: What happened to your flowers? Jane: A dog got into the garden. Did the dog belong to Jane?
5．预设和会话含义取消后有何不同？ （a）取消存在预设 Mike: What happened? Annie: Steve’s dog wrecked the garden – and in fact, Steve doesn’t have a dog. （b）取消“词汇”预设 Mike: What’s up? Annie: I’ve stopped smoking – although I’ve never smoked. （c）取消常规含义 Mike: What’s happened to the shampoo? Annie: I used most of it – actually, I used all of it. （d）取消特殊含义 Mike: Are you coming to the party? Annie: My parents are in town – but I am coming.
3. 根据以下只有Steve知道的信息检查你写出的会话含 义。你能说Steve在对Jane说谎吗？为什么？ （a）Steve has in fact used all the printer paper. （b）Steve has been late with the rent every month since he moved in. （c）Steve knows for a fact that the plane was late because Mike and Annie called him from the airport. （d）Steve had absentmindedly put the cheese in the freezer and thawed it out before dinner hoping that Jane wouldn’t notice.
2.如果你是Jane，你会怎样理解Steve的回答？ （a）Jane: Who used all the printer paper? Steve: I used some of it. （b）Jane: I hear you’re always late with the rent. Steve: Well, sometimes I am. （c）Jane: Mike and Annie should be here by now. Was their plane late? Steve: Possibly. 再看下面这个对话，你能推导出Steve没有在冰箱里储 存奶酪吗？ （d）Jane: This cheese looks funny. The label said to store it in a cool place. Steve: Yeah, I did.