阿波罗登月计划 The Apollo 11

Apollo succeeded in achieving its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a pre-launch test. After the first landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with an ambitious plan for extended lunar geological and astrophysical exploration. Budget cuts forced the cancellation of three of these. Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, which disabled the command spacecraft's propulsion and life support. The crew returned to Earth safely by using the Lunar Module as a "lifeboat" for these functions.
July 21, 1969, at 02:56 UTC
July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC
Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans on the Moon, Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC. Armstrong became the first to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC. At 02:39 UTC on Monday July 21, 1969, Armstrong opened the hatch, and at 02:51 UTC began his descent to the lunar surface. The Remote Control Unit controls on his chest kept him from seeing his feet. After describing the surface dust as "very fine-grained" and "almost like a powder," Armstrong stepped off Eagle's footpad and uttered his famous line, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind" . Armstrong spent about two and a half hours outside the spacecraft, Aldrin slightly less, and together they collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material for return to Earth. The third member of the mission, Michael Collins, piloted the command spacecraft alone in lunar orbit until Armstrong and Aldrin returned to it just under a day later for the trip back to Earth.
The Apollo program has been called the greatest technological achievement in human history. Apollo set several Apollo also spurred advances in many areas of technology incidental to rocketry and manned spaceflight, major human spaceflight milestones. It stands alone in sending manned missions beyond low Earth orbit; Apollo 8 including avionics, telecommunications, and computers. Apollo also stimulated many other areas of technology. was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body, while the final Apollo 17 mission marked the sixth The flight computer design used in both the lunar and command modules was, along with the Minuteman Missile Moon landing and the ninth manned mission beyond low Earth orbit. The program returned 842 pounds (382 kg) System, the driving force behind early research into integrated circuits. Computer-controlled machining was first of lunar rocks and soil to Earth, greatly contributing to the understanding of the Moon‘s composition and used in the fabrication of Apollo structural components. Apollo program together with Human Genome Project geological history. The program laid the foundation for NASA’s current human spaceflight capability, and funded and Manhattan Project were listed as the three greatest projects in twentieth Century. construction of its Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center.
spaceflight land
Armstrong open the hatch
July 21, 1969, at 02:39 UTC
begin going down to the lunar surface
July 21, 1969, at 02:51 UTC
step onto the lunar surface
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first twelve humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. First conceived during the Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by the end of the 1960s。
As in November 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected president after a campaign that promised American superiority over the Soviet Union in the fields of space exploration and missile defense. Kennedy's goal was accomplished on the Apollo 11 mission when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM) on July 20, 1969, and walked on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the Command/Service Module (CSM), and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972. In these six spaceflights, 12 men walked on the Moon.
Service Module Lunar Module Command Module
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Launched by a Saturn V rocket from Kennedy Space Center in Merritt Island, Florida, on July 16,1969, Apollo 11 was the fifth manned mission of NASA's Apollo program. The Apollo spacecraft had three parts: a Command Module with a cabin for the three astronauts, and the only part that landed back on Earth; a Service Module , which supported the Command Module with propulsion, electrical power, oxygen, and water; and a Lunar Module for landing on the Moon. After being sent toward the Moon by the Saturn V's upper stage, the astronauts separated the spacecraft from it and traveled for three days until they entered into lunar orbit. Armstrong and Aldrin then moved into the Lunar Module and landed in the Sea of Tranquility. They stayed a total of about 21½ hours on the lunar surface. After lifting off in the upper part of the Lunar Module and rejoining Collins in the Command Module, they returned to Earth and landed in the Pacific Ocean on July 24.