内科学英文课件：Heart Failure

Epidemiology in China
• Prevalence rate of Chinese adult 35-74 ys: 0.9%; 65-74 ys: 1.3%
• Total in China: 5,850,000
– Male 0.7 %; Female 1.0% – North 1.4%; South 0.5% – City 1.1%; : Countryside 0.8%
disease or blood clots to the lung (pulmonary embolHale Waihona Puke Baidusm)
Common causes of HF
• Ischaemic Heart Disease 62% • Cigarette Smoking 16% • Hypertension (high blood pressure)10% • Obesity 8% • Diabetes 3% • Valvular Heart Disease 2% (much higher
• HF is a pathophysiological state in which cardiac output is insufficient for the body's needs.
Classification of heart failure
• the speed of heart function deteriorate (chronic versus acute)
• whether the abnormality is due to low cardiac output with high systemic vascular resistance or high cardiac output with low vascular resistance (low-output heart failure vs. high-output heart failure)
2003中国慢性心力衰竭患病情况流行病学调查
Epidemiology
What is Heart Failure?
Limitation of life ability…
Definition of heart failure
• Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which an abnormality of cardiac function is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood to commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues.(Heart Disease, 2nd Ed)
• the side of the heart involved, (left heart failure versus right heart failure)
• whether the abnormality is due to contraction or relaxation of the heart (systolic dysfunction vs. diastolic dysfunction)
• Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structure or functional disorder that impair the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood.(ACC2005)
Right Heart Failure
– Usually occurs as a result of left heart failure – The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen – Occasionally isolated right heart failure can occur due to lung
Systolic vs Diastolic Dysfunction
Left vs Right Heart Failure
Left Heart Failure
– Involves the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart – Systolic failure
Heart Failure
Epidemiology
• Heart failure is common, yet it is difficult to treat. • HF remains one of the most common reasons for
hospital admission, as well as one of the most costly cardiovascular disorders. • HF patients have a poor prognosis, with an average 1-year mortality rate of 33% • Mortality risk between men and women is similar
in older populations)
A 19 year study of 13000 healthy adults in the United States (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I)
• The heart looses it’s ability to contract or pump blood into the circulation
– Diastolic failure
• The heart looses it’s ability to relax because it becomes stiff • Heart cannot fill properly between each beat