材料力学专业词汇中英对照

材料力学Mechanics of Materials

构件Structure member

强度strength

刚度rigidity

稳定性stability

变形固体solid deformation body

基本假设fundamental assumption

各向同性Isotropy

内力internal force

外力external force

二力杆two force bar

刚体rigid body

轴向拉伸Axial tension

轴向压缩Axial compression

拉力tensile force

内力Internal force

轴力axial force

轴力图diagram of axial force

集中载荷concentrate load

应力stress

平均应力Average stress

全应力whole stress

平面假设Hypothesis of plane section

拉应力Tensile stress

应力集中stress concentration

剪切shearing

正应力normal stress

剪应力shearing Stress

线应变linear strain

剪应变angular strain

剪力shearing force

弹性应变能Elastic strain energy

静定问题statically determinate problem 静不定问题statically indeterminate problem 平衡方程equilibrium equations

比例极限Proportional limit

弹性极限Elastic limit

屈服极限Yielding limit

塑性材料ductile material 强度极限Strength limit

铸铁cast iron

轴Shaft

扭转Torsion

扭转角The angle of twist

扭矩Internal torque

扭矩图Internal torque diagram

剪应力互等定Theorem of complementary shearing

stresses

弯曲bending

梁Beam

固定铰支座Fixed hinged support

可动铰支座Movable hinged support

固定端Rigidly fixed end

简支梁simply supported beam

悬臂梁Cantilever beam

外伸梁Overhanging beam

静定梁Statically determinate beam

超静定梁Statically indeterminate beam

弯曲内力Internal force in bending

弯矩Bending moment

内力方程Internal force equation

剪力图shearing force diagram

弯矩图bending moment diagram

分布荷载the distributed load

荷载集度the density of the distributed load

平面刚架Planar rigid frame

曲杆Curved rod

纯弯曲Pure Bending

中性轴Neutral axis

曲率半径the radius of curvature

挠度Deflection

转角Angle of rotation

挠曲线deflection curve

位移边界条Boundary conditions of the

displacement

支点位移条件Displacement conditions at the

supports

连续条件Continuity conditions 光滑条件Sliding conditions

积分常数integral constant 一点的应力状态Stressed state at a point

原始单元体Original element 主单元体Principal element

主面principal plane 主应力principal stress

三向应力状态Three Dimensional State of Stress

二向应力状态Plane State of Stress 应力圆Stress Circle

单向应力状态Unidirectional State of Stress 主应力迹线Principal stress trajectories

应变能密度strain-energy density 强度理论Theories of strength

最大拉应力（第一强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile stress（first strength）

最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：Theory of maximum tensile strain（second strength）

最大剪应力（第三强度）理论Theory of maximum shearing stress(third strength)

形状改变比能（第四强度）理论Theory of maximum torsional (shearing)strain energy (fourth strength）莫尔强度理论Mohr’s strength theory相当应力Equivalent stress

组合变形Composite deformation 斜弯曲Skew bending

中性轴方程Equation of the neutral axis 不稳定平衡instable equilibrium

拉(压)弯组合变形Bending and tension or compression

稳定平衡Stable equilibrium 压杆失稳Loss of stability of the column

临界压力the critical pressure of the column 理想压杆Ideal compressive columns

长度系数Length coefficient 约束系数constraint coefficient

临界应力Critical stress 柔度Flexibility

应变能Strain energy 卡氏定理Catigliano’S Theorem

莫尔定理(单位力法) Mohr’S theorem(Method of unit force)