英语词汇学7.ppt
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7
Sense Relations between Words
-nyms Most wonderful of all are words, and how they …[relate] one with another.
O. Henry, as modified by a semantician
•similar •in meaning. But: -- there are •more •polysemic •words •than •monosemic
words, and it is inconceivable that a polysemic word could •have •the •same synonymous word for all its meanings. • e.g. head: chief, boss, leader
of something good. hope: is not only a belief but a desire that some
event would happen.
to hope against hope, •to •lose •hope,• to pin one's hopes on sth.•
7.1 Synonymy
7.1.1 Definition of synonyms Gk synonymon --- “having the same name” syn--•together+•onuma,•a name . Traditionally: words differing in sound form but identical or
e.g.-- experiencing something experience
interchangeable under certain conditions undergo
wk.baidu.com
expectation: either good or evil. anticipation: as a rule is a pleasurable expectation
7.1.2 Patterns of synonymous sets in Modern English
Why so many synonyms?
English is a language particularly rich in pairs of synonyms. The primary reason for this has to do with the history of language and especially with the wholesome borrowing from other languages.
Words are related to one another in a variety of ways. These relationships have words to describe them that often end in the bound morpheme –nym
It may be more accurate to think of the lexicon as network, rather than a listing of words as in a published dictionary.
Synonym: " •a word •having •the •same meaning as another word: as one of two or more words of the same language and grammatical category having the same essential or generic meaning •and differing only in connotation, application, or idiomatic use: •one •of •two or more words having essentially identical definition.•.•.•“
"The richness of •English •in synonyms is largely due to the happy mingling of Latin, French and Native elements".
Generally speaking, the native words are the simplest and most ordinary and tends to belong to the ordinary colloquial language; The Greek or Latin borrowings are the most learned, most formal and most technical and they tend to be used in the most formal context; French borrowings stands between the native words and the Latin and Greek borrowings.
aptitude, talent He has a good head for history. mind, imagination to use one's head life It cost him his head. top headline, headgear front headlight, headwind
-- it seems impossible to speak of identity •or •similarity •of lexical meaning of a word as a •whole,•as •it •is •only •the •denotative meaning that may be said to be identical or similar.
Sense Relations between Words
-nyms Most wonderful of all are words, and how they …[relate] one with another.
O. Henry, as modified by a semantician
•similar •in meaning. But: -- there are •more •polysemic •words •than •monosemic
words, and it is inconceivable that a polysemic word could •have •the •same synonymous word for all its meanings. • e.g. head: chief, boss, leader
of something good. hope: is not only a belief but a desire that some
event would happen.
to hope against hope, •to •lose •hope,• to pin one's hopes on sth.•
7.1 Synonymy
7.1.1 Definition of synonyms Gk synonymon --- “having the same name” syn--•together+•onuma,•a name . Traditionally: words differing in sound form but identical or
e.g.-- experiencing something experience
interchangeable under certain conditions undergo
wk.baidu.com
expectation: either good or evil. anticipation: as a rule is a pleasurable expectation
7.1.2 Patterns of synonymous sets in Modern English
Why so many synonyms?
English is a language particularly rich in pairs of synonyms. The primary reason for this has to do with the history of language and especially with the wholesome borrowing from other languages.
Words are related to one another in a variety of ways. These relationships have words to describe them that often end in the bound morpheme –nym
It may be more accurate to think of the lexicon as network, rather than a listing of words as in a published dictionary.
Synonym: " •a word •having •the •same meaning as another word: as one of two or more words of the same language and grammatical category having the same essential or generic meaning •and differing only in connotation, application, or idiomatic use: •one •of •two or more words having essentially identical definition.•.•.•“
"The richness of •English •in synonyms is largely due to the happy mingling of Latin, French and Native elements".
Generally speaking, the native words are the simplest and most ordinary and tends to belong to the ordinary colloquial language; The Greek or Latin borrowings are the most learned, most formal and most technical and they tend to be used in the most formal context; French borrowings stands between the native words and the Latin and Greek borrowings.
aptitude, talent He has a good head for history. mind, imagination to use one's head life It cost him his head. top headline, headgear front headlight, headwind
-- it seems impossible to speak of identity •or •similarity •of lexical meaning of a word as a •whole,•as •it •is •only •the •denotative meaning that may be said to be identical or similar.