7测量机器人

Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪）

For many years, the optical transit was the surveyor’s tool of choice to measure angles.（多年以来，光学【optical】经纬仪一直是测量人员测角工具选择）

By the 1970s, however, the electronic theodolite began to replace the transit since it could measure angles more accurately on both the horizontal and vertical axes.（然而，20世界70年代，由于【since】它在水平轴和垂直轴方向上测角更精确【就是水平角竖直角】，电子经纬仪开始代替经纬仪。）

In the early 1980s, “total stations,”which measure distances very accurately by using electronic distance meters (EDMs), became the instrument of choice.（80年代早期，采用EDMs非常精确测距全站仪，成为测量仪器选择。）

Then in late 1990, Geodimeter, Dandryd Sweden introduced the first “robotic total station”adding automatic tracking and radio communication to a radio and data collector at the “target” or pole.（然后在90年代后期，瑞典Dandryd【应该是瑞典一个地名】Geodimeter 【公司名】，推出【introduce介绍、提出】了第一台“智能型全站仪”，在“目标”或测杆上增加了一个有自动跟踪【automatic tracking】和无线电通讯【radio communication】功能信号和数据收集器）

Thus, for the first time, no person was required at the instrument——only at the target, reducing the size of a survey crew.（这样，第一次，仪器不再需要人——除了目标点，减少了测量人员）

Total Station （全站仪）

A total station is the most commonly used instruments now in geomatics engineering, which is fully integrated instrument that capture all the spatial data necessary for a 3-dimensional positional information.（全站仪是现在测绘工程中使用最普遍仪器，完

全综合【fully integrated考虑到平时介绍全站仪词句，我们可以翻译为全站型】仪器，可以获取所有反映3维空间位置信息所需空间数据。）

A total station integrates the functions of an electronic theodolite for measuring angles, an EDM for measuring distances, digital data and a data recorder.（全站仪整合了电子经纬仪测角功能和EDM测距功能，以及？？和数据存储器功能）

All total stations have similar constructional features regardless of their age or level of technology, and all perform basically the same functions.（不管他们工艺年代和水平如何，所有全站仪结构【constructional构造feature特征】都是类似【similar】，都能基本【basically基本地】完成相同功能）

After the instrument has been set up on a control station, centered, leveled and properly oriented, and the prism target has been set up over another point whose position is to be measured, the surveyor may focus the target and depress a button.（在控制点上安置仪器、对中、整平和恰当【properly】定向【orient确定方向、东方】之后，棱镜【prism】目标【目标棱镜】置于测点之上，测量人员就可以照准【focus】目标并按动按钮。）Then output from the horizontal and vertical circular encoders and from the EDM can be displayed at the instrument and stored in a data collector and enters into a built-in microprocessor.（然后水平和竖直编码【encoder编码器】度盘和EDM输出结果可以显示在仪器上，并可以存储在数据收集里，送入内置【built-in】微处理器）

The microprocessor can convert the measured slope distance to the horizontal distance using the measured vertical or zenith angle.（微处理器可以将测得斜距利用测得竖直角或天顶距转化【convert】为平距）

The microprocessor also computes the difference in elevation between the instrument center and the prism target.（微处理器还可以计算仪器中心和棱镜目标【目标棱镜】之