药学英语第五版原文翻译.doc

be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be 了解它的构成。要充分了解一个生物体的
carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. 生理学活动就必须掌握全面的解剖学知
together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, 础。
connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics.
feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it 如何运动， 如何适应不断改变的环境， 如何
spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the wwk.baidu.comole of 繁殖后代。 这门学科包罗万象， 涵盖了生物
and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a 识还是源于对其它动物如青蛙， 兔子，猫和
common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to 狗等的研究。当我们明确大多数动物物种
assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge 的特定生理过程存在共同之处时，相同的
gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human 生理原理适用于人类也是合理的。通过这
Although there have been many important physiological investigations on 识。一个生物体的各部分起着什么作用可
human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental 通过实验观察得知。尽管我们对志愿者进
To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is 物生理学。
built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore
要研究一种动物如何活动，首先需要
尽管从生物学整个范畴看，生物体某
biology — the replication of the genetic code for or example
些活—动m过a程ny是a相re似的 —— 如基因编码的复
specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary 制 —— 但许多过程还是某些生物体群组特
Introduction to Physiology
生理学简介
Introduction
介绍
Physiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is
生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。它
concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it 研究生物体如何进行各种活动，如何饮食，
to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant 有的。鉴于此有必要将这门学科分成不同
physiology, and animal physiology.
部分研究， 如细菌生理学、 植物生理学和动
physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective 种方法， 我们获得了大量的知识， 从而让我
treatment of many diseases.
们对人类生理学有了更深入的了解，为我
The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped 们有效治疗许多疾病提供了一个坚实的基
machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and 物体好比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器，其操
chemistry.
作受物理和化学规律控制。
Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of
life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their 体整个生命过程。生理学成功地解释了生
daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite 物体如何进行日常活动，基于的观点是生
conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge
行了许多重要的生理调查，但是实验条件
has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, 需要精确控制，所以我们当前大多生理知