语言学 练习题及答案

练习1 1. There is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. A dog might be a pig if only the first person or group of persons had used it for a pig. This is one of the design features of language.A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement

2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge.

A. duality

B. arbitrariness

C. productivity

D. displacement

3. ___ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one‘s native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation .A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement

4. __ __ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldn‘t be bow-wowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement

5. ______ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker.

A. duality

B. Arbitrariness

C. interchangeability

D. cultural transmission

6. ______ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages.

A. duality

B. Arbitrariness

C. interchangeability

D. cultural transmission

7. To say ―How are you.‖ ―Hi‖ to your friends is the ____ __of language.

A. directive function

B. informative function

C. phatic function

D. interrogative function

8. ―Tell me the result when you finish.‖ If you want to get your hearer to do something, y ou should use the _____ of language.

A. directive function

B. informative function

C. phatic function

D. interrogative function

9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __ ___.

A. unnatural

B. something to be feared

C. natural

D. abnormal

10. A linguist is interested in ___A. speech sounds only B. all sounds C. vowels only

11. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A. [t] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p

12. Which of the following sounds is a voiced affricate? A. [y] B. [t∫] C. [z] D. [dЗ]

13. Which of the following sounds is a central vowel? A. [ ə ] B. [ i ] C. [ou] D. [a: ]

14. In the following sounds , ______ is a palatal fricative ? A. [ s ] B. [∫] C. [ l ] D. [θ]

15. In the following sounds, _____ is a voiceless affricative? A. [dЗ] B. [v] C. [t∫] D. [θ]

16. In English if a word begins with a [ l ] or [ r ],then the next sound must be a __ __.

A. fricative

B. nasal sound

C. semi-vowel

D. vowel

17. Of the ―words‖ listed below___ is not an English word

A. [r∧b ]

B. [ læ b ]

C. [məsta:∫]

D. [lmæp]

18. ___ are produced when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total and audibly released. A. Back vowels B. Stops C. Fricatives D. Glides

19. The International Phonetic Association devised the INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in _____. A. 1965 B. 1957 C. 1888 D. 1788

20. ___ is a phonological unit , and it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

A. Phone

B. Phoneme

C. Allophone

D. Sound

1. [ f ] is a dental consonant. F

2. Phonology studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. F 7. The three / p / are allophones. T

3. Phoneme is a phonological unit. T

4. Phone is a phonetic unit. T