词性转换

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英语里通过加后缀来改变词性。

①常见的名词后缀有:-er thinker, teacher, driver(动词变名词) -or actor, visitor, conductor(动词变名词)-ist scientist, artist, chemist, terrorist(没变)-ian musician, mathematician(没变)-ese Chinese, Japanese (没变)-ness happiness, kindness, usefulness(形容词变名词)-tion preparation, education, communication(动词变名词)-ment movement, development, improvement(动词变名词)-ion discussion, commission, television(动词变名词)-ship friendship, hardship(名词、副词变名词)-hood childhood, boyhood(没变)-dom freedom, kingdom(形容词、名词变名词)-th truth, length, width(形容词变名词)

②常见的动词后缀有-ize realize, modernize, apologize(形容词或名词变为动词)-en widen, shorten, deepen(形容词变为动词)

③常见的形容词后缀有-ful useful, careful, wonderful(动词变形容词)-less careless, useless, helpless(动词变形容词)-ous dangerous, curious好奇的(名词变为形容词)-ly friendly, lovely (名词或动词变为形容词)-y rainy, sunny, snowy(动词变为形容词)-able comfortable, acceptable(动词或名词变为形容词)

动词变成名词后一般会有这几种类型:

1.名词和动词同形:

比较容易理解,这类词也比较多,如:

care,既可做动词, 意为:关心,担心,也可以当名词,意为:当心,小心,注意。

certificate,既可做动词,意为:用证书证明(认可),也可以当名词,意为:证明书,执照。

2.表示动作结果:

换言之,就是与这个动作相应的行为产生的条件的具体反应。如LZ所提的动词:provide (提供),provision(供应, 供给)

这一类一般有如下两个小分类:

A:一般以-t, -s, -se, -l, -n结尾的动词,构成名词时可以加-s(t)ure, 一般具有抽象意义,如:Depart(离去)v.-departure(离开)n. Fail(失败)v.-failure(失败)n. Press(压)v.-pressure(压力)n.

B:一般以-te, -de, -se. –ze,–ct.等结尾的动词,构成名词时可以加-ion,如:

Invite(邀请)v.-invitation(请帖)n. Protect(保护)v.-protection(保护)n.

Extend(伸展)v.-extension(伸张)n.

3.表示动作执行者(施事):

这个形式较为单一,一般只有加后缀-er(-eer, -ier) 或-or(-our),-ant,如:

lead(领导)v.-leader(领导人)n. murder(谋杀)v.-murderer(谋杀者)n.

engine (引擎)v.-engineer(技师)n.

或:

counsel(劝告)v.-counsel(l)or(顾问)n.

govern(统治)v.-governor(统治者)n.

或:

assist(帮助)v.-assistant(助手)n.

serve(服务)v.-servant(仆人)n.

4.表示动作被执行者(受事):这一类型较为常见的是后缀:-ee, 如:

employ(雇用)v. -employee(雇员)n. examine(检查)v. -examinee(考生)n.

5.表示动作的抽象意义:

一般只有具有抽象意义的动词,才能使用这种方法,构成名词,如:

fulfill(履行)v.-fulfil(l)ment(实现)n. judge(判断)v.-judg(e)ment(审判)n.

move(移动)v.-movement(运动)n. treat(对待)v.-treatment(待遇)n.

英语动词变形容词有什么规律

第一,后面加able,afford-affordable;以e结尾的动词则去e加able,love-lovable:表示具有此性质、特点或属性。

第二,后面加ed,scatter-scattered;以e结尾的动词则直接加d,use-used:表示被动性的属性或特点。

第三,不规则的动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式规律不大,意义同上。

第四,后面加ing,run-running,die-dying,变为现在分词形式,有的去e加ing,有的双写加ing,有的改为y加ing,规律同现在分词,表示有正在主动的进行的属性或特点。

动词变形容词类:

1. 在动词后加后缀-ful, 如:

care→careful; use→useful; thank→thankful; help→helpful;

wonder→wonderful forget→forgetful

2.后加ED/ING等。如:INTEREST - --INTERESTED WOUND - --WOUNDED

在原动词后加

-ive; -able( 标有能力……) ; -ary ; -al -ed(表被动)

-ous -ior

动词变名词:

1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:

A. play -player, sing -singer, wait - waiter , find-finder,

B. write - writer, drive - driver, come - comer, explore -explorerdance- dancer

C. run -runner, win- winner, rob -robber, travel - traveller

D. visit -visitor, invent -inventor

2. 在词尾加ing:

build -building, draw -drawing, end -ending, begin -beginning,

swim -swimming,skate-skating, feel -feeling, say -saying,

mean - meaning, cross- crossing,surf- surfing, paint -painting

3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:

A. decide - decision, describe -description, produce- production,

celebrate- celebration,pronounce-pronunciation, decorate - decoration

graduate -graduation,frustrate- frustration,pollute- pollution

contribute -contribution, congratulate -congratulation,

educate - education,organize- orgnization,donate- donation,

appreciate - appreciation,operate -operation, invite- invitation

B. discuss -discussion, invent -invention, attract -attraction

impress -impression,inject - injection,instruct- instruction

4.其它:

know -knowledge, please-pleasure, enjoy- enjoyment,

practise -practice,die-death, succeed -success, weigh -weight,

sit -deat, change -chance,enter -entrance,fly - flight,

rob -robbery, discover -discovery,faile- failure,appear -appearance,

breathe -breath

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