语法专题：定语从句完全详解

高中语法基础知识专题讲座：定语从句

定义：在句中起定语的作用、修饰句子中的名词或代词的从句。因其功能类似形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

关系词（引导词）：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

引导定语从句的词：

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as

关系副词：when, where, why等。

一、关系代词

（一）先行词为人事物, 引导词作主语

Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a great chance of having heart disease than those ____ don't. (that/ who; who)

All the people who work hard don't succeed, but the only people who succeed are those who work hard.

The house ________ is by lake looks nice. (which)

引导词不用that, 只能用who的几种情况：

①先行词为one, ones, anyone, those, he/she/I / they等指人的词时, 关系词只能用who

He _________laughs last laughs best. （who）

Those ______ willing to attend the party, sign here please. (who)

God helps those________ help themselves. (who)

One ________ has a sense of humor is often very popular among people. (who)

②先行词后有后置定语

I am writing to a friend in England ________ is studying Chinese. (who)

③在there be结构中。

There are many young people ________ like pop music. (who)

④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that,为避免重复另一个宜用who.

The girl that you met yesterday is an English teacher who teaches well.

（二）先行词为人或物，引导词作宾语

Is this the man_____________ you talked about yesterday? (who/ whom/ that)

Show me the book___________ you spoke of the other day. (which / that)

Do you know the boy to _________ she was talking? (whom)

This is the book _________ I have been talking about. (which)

（三）先行词为人事物,引导词作定语

I wanna marry a man________ father is a millionaire. （whose）

Book me a room _______window faces the south. (whose)

=the window of which / of which the window

二、关系副词

（一）先行词为事物，引导词作地点状语

Is this the farm ______________ you once worked? （where/ on which）

I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

（where/ on which）

（二）先行词为事物，引导词作时间状语

I’ll always remember the days _____________I studied there. （when / in which）

I will never forget the day ______I came to my university and the day ______I spent in a new city.

（when; which）

Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream. (when) （三）先行词为事物，引导词作原因状语

Tell me the reason ______________ you were late. （why / for which）

（四）是用the one还是用that , which, where.

（1）Is this school _______ you study? （D）

（2）Is this the school ______ you study in? （A）

（3）Is this the school _______ you study? （B）

（4）Is this school ______ is a senior one? （E）

A. that/which

B. where

C. the one

D. the one where

E. the one that / which

遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)

（五）是用when还是用that, which

（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together. （A）

（2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army. （B）

A. that/ which

B. when

当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.

[要点难点]

一、that和which的用法区别

（一）只用that的情况：

①先行词由最高级修饰时

Is that the best ________ you can do ? (that)

That's the most expensive hotel ________ we've ever stayed in.

②先行词由序数词修饰时

The first thing ________ should be done is to get the tickets. (that)

when people talk about Hangzhou, the first ________ comes to mind is the West Lake. (that)

③先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very, the next等修饰时。

This is the very book that I want to find.

④先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时。

There is nothing ( that ) I can do.

I mean the one that was brought yesterday.

⑤先行词有any, no, all, much, little, few, every 等限定词时。

⑥先行词为词组，该词组既包含人又含物时。

We talked about the books and writers _________ we knew. (that)

The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances ________they saw at the talent show. (that)